PROGRAMME ASSESSMENT 2002-2003

11 February 2004 ENGLISH ONLY UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT Programme Assessment 2002-2003 United Nations UNCTAD/EDM/2004/1 - 2 - Executive summary UNCTAD takes result-based approach programme management, reviews performance biennium logical framework set start programme cycle. results assessment contained report. Highlights accomplishments biennium include: Trade Development Report 2003 appreciated member States “thoughtful researched” “presented views balanced manner”; Debt Management Financial Analysis System 91 institutions 62 countries; World Investment Report 2003 covered 830 newspaper articles, featured 52 radio/TV 95 countries, 37 interviews broadcast 18 countries; 3,000 users registered -line FDI database; Investment Policy Reviews conducted 6 countries 5 reviews underway; rounds negotiations bilateral investment treaties 36 countries led conclusion 47 treaties; number proposals submitted developing countries WTO Doha Work Programme increased 88; 1,000 licenses issued Trade Analysis Information System Internet; commodity exchanges created India, reaching turnover close USD 30 billion 2003; great progress revision adoption national competition legislation 8 developing countries; -Commerce Development Report 2002 practical proposals maximizing contribution electronic -commerce development, downloaded 344,288 times year; Automated System Customs Data, 85 countries, halved customs clearance time countries, increased revenue Governments 10 to15 cent ; 5 East African interconnected railways, average consignment transit time reduced 15 3 days estimated USD 6.4 million annum saved rail wagon hire charges Advance Cargo Information System; TDB concluded developed countries “ general policy orientation recommended ” Developed Countries Report 2002, downloaded 200,000 times. - 3 - CONTENTS List abbreviations .............................................................................................................. 4 Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5 Subprogramme 1A: Globalization, interdependence development ............................... 7 Macroeconomic development policies...................................................................... 8 Debt development finance..................................................................................... 11 Assistance Palestinian people ................................................................................... 13 Statistics information retrieval............................................................................... 15 Subprogramme 1B: Development Africa ...................................................................... 21 Subprogramme 2: Investment, enterprise technology................................................. 25 Investment issues policy analysis ........................................................................... 26 Policy capacity building ........................................................................................ 27 Enterprise technology policies ............................................................................... 31 Entrepreneurship SME development ...................................................................... 34 Accounting corporate governance.......................................................................... 36 Subprogramme 3: International trade .............................................................................. 39 Trade negotiations commercial diplomacy.............................................................. 40 Trade analysis information .................................................................................... 43 Commodities .............................................................................................................. 46 Competition law policy, consumer protection................................................... 50 Trade, environment development ........................................................................... 53 Accession multilateral trading system................................................................. 56 Subprogramme 4: Services infrastructure development, trade efficiency human resources development ...................................................................................................... 61 Policy analysis research........................................................................................ 62 Capacity building technical assistance.................................................................... 65 Human resources development .................................................................................... 68 Subprogramme 5: developed countries, landlocked developing countries small island developing States .................................................................................................... 73 developed countries............................................................................................ 74 Landlocked developing countries ................................................................................. 76 Small island developing States..................................................................................... 77 - 4 - List abbreviations ACIS Advance Cargo Information System ACP African, Caribbean Pacific Group States AMAD Agricultural Market Access database APTSM Agricultural Trade Policy Model ASIT Advisory Services Investment Training ASYCUDA Automated System Customs Data CSTD Commission Science Technology Development DMFAS Debt Management Financial Analysis System ECA Economic Commission Africa ECLAC Economic Commission Latin America Caribbean ECOSOC Economic Social Council ESCAP Economic Social Commission Asia Pacific ESCWA Economic Social Commission Western Asia FAO Food Agriculture Organization United Nations FDI foreign direct investment -24 Intergovernmental Group 24 International Monetary Affairs Development GSP Generalized System Preferences ICT information communication technology IMF International Monetary Fund IPR Investment Policy Review ISAR Intergovernmental Working Group Experts International Standards Accounting Reporting ITC International Trade Centre JITAP Joint ITC/UNCTAD/WTO Integrated Programme Technical Assistance LDC developed country NEPAD Partnership Africa’ Development NGO -governmental organization OECD Organisation Economic -operation Development PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers SIDS small island developing States SME small medium-sized enterprise STDev Science Technology Development Network TDB Trade Development Board TRAINS Trade Analysis Information System UNCED United Nations Conference Environment Development UNCITRAL United Nations Commission International Trade Law UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization WAIPA World Association Investment Promotion Agencies WCO World Customs Organization WITS World Integrated Trade Solution WTO World Trade Organization WTPF World Trade Points Federation - 5 - Introduction 1. 1997, UNCTAD decided put practice logical-framework approach internal management tool view enhancing effectiveness impact programmes.1 , starting 1998-1999 biennium, work unit responsible programme component established logical framework clear objectives biennium linked set activities performance indicators, assessed programme performance perspective biennium. 2 performance assessment biennium 2002-2003 carried late 2003 framework established biennial programme budget. document outcome assessment. 2. parallel, Secretary-General United Nations reform proposals 1997 introduced concept result-based budgeting (RBB), inter alia, enhancing role governing bodies providing strategic direction, establishing performance yardsticks reporting focusing accountability performance input accounting. 3 institution head-start process, UNCTAD involved exploratory consultative phase, 2000-2001 work programme prototypes presented General Assembly. concept developed refined consultation member States years introduction, programme budget biennium 2002-2003 formulated fully accordance RBB concepts.4 assessments document form basis UNCTAD’ contribution report General Assembly biennial review programme performance 5 required Regulations Rules Governing Programme Planning, Programme Aspects Budget, Monitoring Implementation Methods Evaluation. 1 Memoranda 25 August 22 October 1997 Secretary -General UNCTAD programme mangers. 2 assessment report biennium 2000-2001 basic document mid -term review conducted Trade Development Board spring 2002, midway UNCTAD UNCTAD XI. 3 Renewing United Nations: programme reform. (/51/950, 14 July 1997; /51/950/Add.6, 12 November1997, result-based budgeting). 4 accordance approval concept General Assembly resolution 55/231 23 December 2000. 5 conducted instance programme performance review Committee Programme Coordination (CPC), based programme performance report prepared Office Internal Oversight Services (OIOS). - 6 - 3. generally, document intended serve reference material UNCTAD’ stakeholders results achieved period, guide secretariat application lessons learned view enhancing delivery mandates. Subprogramme 1A GLOBALIZATION, INTERDEPENDENCE AND DEVELOPMENT Objectives subprogramme contribute international debate evolution management consequences globalization promote policies strategies national, regional international levels conducive sustained economic growth sustainable development. • subprogramme implemented Division Globalization Development Strategies. - 8 - Macroeconomic development policies Expected accomplishment 4. () Enhanced ability policy makers design policies strategies related evolution management globalization, global interdependence implications development policies prospects, including gender dimensions, resource requirement developing countries options solve debt problems. Major activities • Trade Development Report 2002: Developing countries world trade, Overview • Trade Development Report 2003: Capital accumulation, growth structural change, Overview • TDR (Trade Development Report) updates 2002, 2003 ( conference papers) • Reports Secretary General General Assembly external debt situation developing countries (2002, 2003) • Trade Development Board, 49th 50th session • UNCTAD Discussion Papers (9 completed, 1 progress) • -24 Discussion Papers (7 completed, 10 progress) • Technical Support -24 project • Contributions Working Group Trade, Debt Finance World Trade Organization (WTO) • Capacity building advisory services policy-makers senior administrators developing countries parliamentary committees Germany United Kingdom, European Union (EU) • UNCTAD XI pre-Conference events (Argentina, Brazil, China Mexico) • Management Capital Flows: Comparative Experience Implications Africa Accomplishments/results 5. important outputs Division Globalization Development Strategies, Trade Development Report 2002 2003, generated lively debates 49th 50th session Trade Development Board (TDB), , agenda item “interdependence”. formal debate, 15 substantive statements, including regional groupings, 2002, 19 2003. years formal debate complemented intensive -day-long informal debates delegations, enriched panel discussions internationally renowned experts specific topics addressed reports. 6. Commenting Trade Development Report 2002, delegations stated “ important contribution debate development strategies context globalization”, “raised awareness policy-makers ensure increasing trade manufactures translated domestic income growth poverty reduction” raised “ important questions dangers excessive - 9 - reliance foreign direct investment (FDI)”. policy messages Report endorsed Latin American Group evaluation China’ accession WTO considered “ interest developing countries Asia”. recognized “ progress International Monetary Fund (IMF) introduction mechanisms dealing unsustainable sovereign debt, issue raised repeatedly previous Reports”. Experts participating panel discussions characterized analysis contained “excellent”, giving “ good picture developing countries’ position world trade”. 7. 50th session TDB, delegations expressed appreciation Trade Development Report 2003. stated, inter alia, documentation “thoughtful researched”, “presented views balanced manner”, “constituted basis” Board’ deliberations. Chairman’ Summary debate interdependence noted Report “ great contribution international development policy debate”, “ large number delegations stated UNCTAD remains forum discuss challenges global economic interdependence development perspective, explore ways enhancing economic development developing countries, forge consensus issues related trade development.” delegations called strengthening analytical work areas covered Report. invited panellists, stated Report’ “analysis disappointing Latin American performance extremely ”, focus international macroeconomic context forcefully explain economic performance region approach international institutions, find explanations primarily domestic policy errors. 8. 2003 Report subject comments delegations Committee 58th session General Assembly agenda item 91 (macroeconomic policy questions), number countries parliamentary debates referred analysis contained Report. 9. Reports widely commented international press 180 (recorded) articles 2002. record 2003 similar, precise data . 2002 Report, 180,000 internet downloads entire Report, 145,000 downloads individual chapters 56,000 downloads Overview 11 months publication. figures downloads 2003 Report September November 2003 75,000 entire Report, 48,000 individual chapters, 24,000 Overview. Acknowledgement Division’ contribution providing policy-makers advice policies addressing problems globalization development shown number invitations received economists Division parliamentary hearings, seminars, conferences expert meetings (averaging 10 month), requests publications information received -mail means (averaging 600 year), requests reproduce publications (averaging 6 10 year). 10. reports Secretary General General Assembly external debt situation developing countries subject intensive debate Committee. Committee deliberated 2002 report (/57/253), resolution /57/240 renewed request examination external debt situation 2003. 2003 report (/58/290) highly appreciated delegations General Assembly, commended UNCTAD “ quality contained ”, report - 10 - “provide basis discussion”, “present good picture … external debt crisis” “ recommendations”. 11. Project Technical Support Intergovernmental Group 24 International Monetary Affairs Development (-24) closely linked analytical work Division. Project main pillars activities -24 context deliberations IMF World Bank. research work advisory services Project greatly appreciated members Group high analytical quality. technical meetings publications Project enhanced understanding developing country policy-makers complex current upcoming issues subject discussion negotiation international financial institutions. absence strong institutional framework policy discussion developing countries, project important contribution efforts identify important development issues rapidly changing economic environment, develop common perspective international monetary financial relations. evaluation Project, carried 2002 donor institutions, underlined “ remarkable success project alerter provider solid technical material southern point view”, remarked “ research programme successfully sustained developing-country agenda reform international monetary system”. publication research papers -24 Discussion Paper Series acquired additional academic standing partnership Center International Development Harvard University. 12. outreach analytical work enhanced capacity-building activities. requests Governments Argentina, Brazil, China Mexico workshops seminars held connection UNCTAD XI preparatory process. Acknowledging high quality Division’ research, Chinese authorities proposed joint technical assistance project managing globalization integration. Capacity building developing countries supported UNCTAD Training Courses Key Issues International Economic Agenda, conceived address interests participants specific regions. Division’ contribution Courses received high ratings evaluation participants. Lessons learned 13. response requests delegations, increased efforts , resources permitting, expand country coverage analytical work. , impact analytical work enhanced improving dissemination, UNCTAD’ website, publications research findings policy proposals organization additional seminars workshops member States. improved timely translations official languages helpful strengthen dissemination impact Trade Development Report, developing countries, possibilities UNCTAD regard limited control process. streamlining improving coordination Part Trade Development Report Global trends Prospects United Nations flagship reports dealing similar themes, World Economic Social Survey. - 11 - Debt development finance Expected accomplishment 14. () Efficient management debt utilization Debt Management Financial Analysis System (DMFAS) developing countries record monitor external debt. Major outputs activities 15. Debt Management – DMFAS Programme assists developing countries economies transition strengthening capacity manage debt effectively Debt Management Financial Analysis System (DMFAS), Debt Strategy Module (DSM+) capacity-building activities training, workshops conferences. programme offers integrated set solutions framework technical cooperation projects, major activities implementation standard computerized debt-management system recording, monitoring analysing public debt debt offices Ministries Finance Central Banks. Officials institutions receive training assistance system effectively, establish complete --date debt database, provide timely accurate debt statistics undertake debt analysis. effective implementation system, programme provide advice debt management issues, including development institutional administrative structures effective public debt management proper staffing debt offices. • DMFAS software distributed existing clients -site services Programme’ staff client sites -service installations clients. • number technical training clients, headquarters client sites. • version DMFAS software (due released 2003), incorporating important functional technological improvements response client requests line international standards practices. • Extensive support wide range functional technical issues clients DMFAS Helpdesk, major improvements Client Request module creation standard messages communication working languages. • Training development debt strategies DSM+ 16 countries. DSM+ User Guide Training Manual, published English, French Spanish. • Training modules area debt data validation debt statistics. • 4th Inter-regional Debt Management Conference (November 2003, Geneva). • workshops aspects debt management Africa cooperation regional organizations United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). Accomplishments/results 16. programme confronted number challenges outset biennium, important : (1) increase number countries institutions DMFAS software; (2) manage increasing amount change requests submitted existing user countries incorporate requests software release; (3) increase number scope training activities debt statistics analysis; (4) maintain - 12 - user documentation --date current status software; (5) produce training material debt management; (6) organize regional inter-regional training events; (7) ensure financial sustainability programme, funded extra-budgetary resources; related (8) implement cost-sharing mechanism, user institutions contribute funding programme. 17. increasing regularly previous ten years, average approximately countries joining Programme year, number countries DMFAS increased biennium , November 2003, programme collaborating 62 countries. rate increase slowed terms countries, number user institutions increased, system installed Ministry Finance Central Bank. start biennium, target number 85 user institutions set baseline 78. November 2003, target largely surpassed, 91 institutions DMFAS. , demand products services programme continued increase considerable pace. , 2003, negotiations project preparations implement system additional 15 institutions ten existing client countries. 18. status installations, number institutions latest version - 5.2 - grown 44 77, 15 institutions continue older versions. 19. period helpdesk received total 1,053 change requests. , 840 processed closed, 38 awaiting user action, 120 marked future version, 4 testing, 17 process, 34 awaiting action. 20. Improved working procedures established documentation preparation programme expects --date user documentation shortly. 21. 5 workshops debt management Africa, programme trained close 200 persons 2002 300 2003. programme resource persons workshops arranged IMF, contributed training debt management issues. 22. 4th Inter-regional Debt Management Conference attracted 300 participants user institutions, donor countries international organizations. 23. cost-sharing user institutions, 2003, 40 institutions agreed paid yearly maintenance fee legal administrative steps . Lessons learned 24. financial sustainability Programme significantly strengthened. DMFAS Trust Fund, established secretariat recommendation DMFAS Advisory Group 2001, received substantial contributions Netherlands, Norway Sweden. Trust Fund envisages formal cost-sharing mechanism. cost sharing mechanism components: -time development contribution time installation system framework technical - 13 - cooperation project document, yearly maintenance fee applicable current user-institutions. 25. maintenance fee user-institutions benefit future upgrades version 5 DMFAS privileged types maintenance services technical team. maintenance agreements introduced voluntary basis, positive response community user-institutions exceeded initial expectations. response constitutes indication system capacity building services. 26. Programme management identified implementing internal client/project management system. significantly improve programme’ internal processes workflows extension cooperation assistance client institutions. system implemented 2003, due lack resources postponed biennium. Assistance Palestinian people Expected accomplishment 27. () Strengthened capacity Palestinian Authority measures, supported international community, areas trade policy, trade facilitation, financial management development strategies, enterprise investment result analytical work technical cooperation. Major outputs activities • TDB reports UNCTAD assistance Palestinian people (2002 2003) • Studies technical papers: () Transit trade maritime transport facilitation rehabilitation development Palestinian economy; (ii) Palestinian small medium enterprises: dynamics contribution development; (iii) Compendium international support Palestinian people 1999-2000/2001-2003. • economic demographic database Palestine User guide occupied Palestinian territory statistical database 1972-2001. • Coordination contribution technical cooperation projects cooperation Divisions: Automated System Customs Data (ASYCUDA) Phase completed 2003, funding secured commencement Phase II 2004; Debt management Financial Analysis System (DMFAS), - 2001-2004; Trade Point Palestine Ramallah cooperation Palestinian Trade Centre (ongoing); EMPRETEC -Palestine project (-). • Contribution conferences seminars Palestinian economy organised : Pavia University, Italy; Aix-en-Provence University, France; United Nations Special Coordinator Occupied Territories; Department Political Affairs United Nations; ILO; Economic Social Commission Western Asia (ESCWA). • Ten advisory services request Palestinian authority areas : trade policy (3); trade facilitation (1); financial resource management economic policy (6). • workshops West Bank () Palestinian small medium sized enterprises (ii) Transit trade maritime transport facilitation. - 14 - Accomplishments/results 28. objective programme component promote coherent, transparent effective recommendations policy action Palestinian Authority supported international community, based accurate data, clear assessment practical approaches addressing , areas trade policy, trade facilitation, financial management development strategies, enterprise investment. approach achieving objective conduct technical studies specific Palestinian conditions areas provide capacity building technical assistance relevant Government institutions. achieved workshops stakeholders Palestinian territory, active participation international seminars fora promote international cooperation regional international organizations donors -mentioned areas concern. 29. activities target policy makers officials Palestinian Authority, private sector, civil society academic institutions, research centres, - governmental organizations (NGOs) chambers commerce industries. addition, UNCTAD’ research policy analysis aims highlight, donors international agencies specific issues relevant work areas UNCTAD’ competence. success work area depends support , positive response concerned Member States, media, international organizations donor community. 30. difficult conditions field 2002-03, subprogramme continued implement diverse programme technical cooperation Palestinian Authority, assisting develop reform programme areas. 31. Indicators contribution work component include: • Reports UNCTAD Assistance Palestinian people deliberated widely noted TDB. 2002 Report welcomed statements 15 Groups States Members, 2003 report elicited 18 statements. delegates echoed key themes highlighted Reports, “cycle de-development” “war -torn Palestinian economy”, policy responses international assistance efforts create “synergies relief, rehabilitation development”. delegates stressed increase extrabudgetary support UNCTAD’ work assistance Palestinian people. • biennium, Palestinian Authority requested received range advisory services UNCTAD: observations World Bank trade policy study; proposals “Israeli economic facilitation measures” “Economic Road Map”; analytical comments Humanitarian Action Plan6 2003 2004; evaluation draft Palestine Competition Act; evaluation Economic Recovery Stabilisation Plan; revised draft “Framework National Economic Development” terms reference “National Task Force Economic Development”. impact advisory services manifests fact Authority’ policy papers/draft laws reformulated response , drawing , advisory services. • Ongoing technical cooperation activities Divisions: ASYCUDA Phase successfully completed, 5 core staff trained prototype system, Palestinian Authority deciding continue Phase II, funding secured; UNCTAD facilitated Authority’ request assistance marketing olive oil; 6 Plan Office Coordination Humanitarian Affairs United Nations. - 15 - Trade Point Palestine Ramallah mission report; EMPRETEC project progress reports; DMFAS staff trained debt computerized system detailed public debt data included Palestinian Authority’ 2003 budget; DMFAS mission report progress reports provide Authority feedback develop debt directorate Ministry Finance; UNCTAD investment retention project Palestinian Authority (2004) funded extrabudgetary bilateral commitment. • secretariat’ research, analysis policy advice positive impact Palestinian Authority’ policy-making capacities area trade facilitation, private sector development economic analysis management, manifested integration UNCTAD’ ideas adoption recommendations levels. Finally workshops, UNCTAD conducted Ramallah 60 experts practitioners, received positive response local media helped elaborate policy recommendations build local consensus emerging policy challenges areas private sector development trade facilitations. 32. summary, 25 output items programmed biennium 2002-03, 32 final activities/outputs delivered, 24 involved technical cooperation 8 reflect substantive analytical work. 25 originally programmed items, 2 postponed, reflecting priorities due - economic crisis Palestinian territory difficult field security conditions. Lessons learned 33. control exercised Israeli authorities Palestinian territory, strict closure policy / territory, political uncertainty humanitarian crisis area work, affect implementation activities subprogramme. , additional improvement programme effectiveness require mobilisation predictable extra-budgetary resources enhance selective flexible mode operations, UNCTAD applied years circumvent deteriorating field conditions achieve concrete progress subprogramme. resources required pursue technical assistance manner promotes dynamic synergies rehabilitation, reconstruction strategic development , elaboration development prospects socio/economic alternatives conflict conditions post-conflict situation. Enhancement programme effectiveness require cooperation States Members including Israel logistic aspects granting visas facilitation official missions technical assistance activities. Statistics information retrieval Expected accomplishment 34. () Improved quality, accessibility availability information data basis economic financial analysis policy making developing countries countries economies transition. Major outputs activities • UNCTAD Handbook Statistics (annual, printed CD-ROM) - 16 - • UNCTAD Commodity Price Bulletin (bi-annual, printed CD-ROM; monthly updates printed form) • statistical section UNCTAD web site -line versions Handbook Statistics Commodity Price Bulletin • customized replies specific requests statistical information internal external users, substantial collaboration production outputs secretariat entities Commodity Yearbook, FDI database -line, Information Technologz indicators -line Investment Benchmarking tool • Digital Library UNCTAD website information retrieval reference facilities website, internet edition UNCTAD Reference Service Library annual Guide UNCTAD publications. • Research-partnerships research-fellowships support universities developing countries • Research-links libraries international institutions, universities worldwide Accomplishments/results Statistical activities 35. subprogramme working fulfilling main objective offering analytical elaborated statistics tool support economic financial research analysis. Statistics, presented media forms, assistance Governments developing countries designing effective economic social policies sustained research academic world UNCTAD international organizations. 36. UNCTAD Handbook Statistics (henceforth Handbook) Commodity Price Bulletin (henceforth Bulletin) major statistical publications achieving objective. Handbook university researchers, Government officials, intergovernmental organizations parties NGOs. Bulletin essentially Governmental institutions, international organizations, universities libraries. Economists statisticians UNCTAD, United Nations bodies international organisations publications, intermediary users, provide studies policy advice developing countries. analysis replies questionnaires printed versions Handbook (56 replies) Bulletin (46 replies) showed quality, coverage comprehensiveness data contained publications adequate answered researchers’ . , 91 cent Handbook’ readers 76 cent Bulletin’ readers confirmed data statistical information contained illustrate document economic trade analysis. 37. users Handbook acknowledged quality content (70 cent appreciated technical analytical ), approved presentation readability data (86 cent) comprehensiveness (72 cent), asked figures incorporated additional economic subjects, trade services, electronic - commerce, transport, tourism, energy, GDP, debt, subsidies exports, producer prices, . suggestions consideration recommendations submitted Task Force Handbook Statistics included 2003 issue Handbook. - 17 - 38. Readers Bulletin confirmed prices commodities regularly consulted 73 cent users, , food products (71 cent); vegetable oils seed oils (64 cent); minerals metals (58 cent). , 64 cent users generally satisfied Bulletin’ coverage 46 commodities, questionnaire revealed requests include prices fish, vegetables, dried fruits, fruit juices, areas traditionally covered Bulletin fertilizers chemicals. secretariat working responding requests. 39. conformity indicator achievements outlining improve quality, accessibility availability statistical information, subprogramme succeeded increasing number satisfaction -users intermediary users (interviews conducted 14 intermediary users) statistical publications responding updated, accurate consistent statistical data commodity prices, international trade, finance, development indicators. 40. , subprogramme improved quality data systematically carrying crosschecking exercise 2001 introducing condensed explanatory notes sources, classifications statistical methodologies. 41. subprogramme improved accessibility availability data publishing statistics electronic form launched CD-ROM version Handbook ( year 2000) -line versions Handbook (January 2002) Bulletin (July 2002). publications accessible -line free charge, profit-making institutions. CD-ROM version Handbook, incorporating historical time-series printed version attracted audiences. 42. improved dissemination statistical data electronic media enhanced visibility statistical section UNCTAD web site, created November 2002, generated large amount requests accessing -line databases. Presently, Handbook -line counts 12,700 registered users. widespread printed version developing countries (56 cent -line users developed countries, 37 cent developing countries 7 cent economies transition), PDF version Handbook downloaded rate 10,000 copies month publication -line January 2002. , questionnaire posted web confirmed, larger scale (810 completed replies), additional benefits users derive Handbook technical analytical tool support research policy-making. 75 cent -users rated Handbook -line average 46 cent reported access database -line month. 43. subprogramme, responsible United Nations collection, processing dissemination data commodity prices, receiving requests registrations access Bulletin electronic form. notably, request registration Bulletin -line chief Technical Unit International Cooperation INSEE Paris, stating needed Bulletin’ figures disposal time consult mission. - 18 - Information retrieval reference service activities 44. subprogramme striving fulfilling expectations - users (researchers universities international research institutions worldwide) intermediary users (economists, analysts policy-makers belonging Governmental institutions, UNCTAD international organizations), offering improved availability accessibility information enriched research interconnections sophisticated information retrieval system. 45. regard, -users’ links possibilities multiplied redesign UNCTAD web site 2002. result incorporation existing -sites site, Web Content Management Unit (created March 2003) registered 138 million hits biennium 2002-2003, North America (41 cent), Western Europe (15 cent) Asia (4 cent), countries (40 cent). recorded period 9.7 million downloads originating international entities (28 cent), international business companies (24 cent) educational institutions (14 cent). website, launched October 2002, received diplomatic circle obtained prize Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie substantive content presentation. 46. addition, Internet edition UNCTAD’ Reference Service Library (developed 2002 launched November 2003), -users intermediaries access search facilities interactive research tools providing access 50,000 specialized publications working papers, 1000 specialized periodicals, 500 -line newspapers, selection 200 hyperlinks research entities, international institutions, -line subscription packages databases. access UNCTAD’ publications 1997 -bookshelf. user guide, prepared circulated purpose, gained approval number researchers, analysts guest users praised usefulness. Lessons learned Statistical activities 47. increasing number requests data included publications strengthened subprogramme’ determination improve quality, presentation coverage statistical data lead meeting requirements -users. recommendations Task Force Handbook Statistics highlighted improvements brought content presentation Handbook. , cross checking exercise enabled statistics section rectify erroneous figures data draw attention source institutions errors figures: IMF’ statistical experts notified biennium errors statistical data, initiative received. 48. Feedback users statistical information revealed necessity coordinating statistical activities secretariat view offering harmonized consistent data wider setting. Interdivisional meetings, framework Task Force Statistics, aimed adopting measures users benefit improved presentation, coverage comprehensiveness data. subprogramme’ - 19 - constantly updated statistical section UNCTAD web site proved centralizing instrument opened opportunities -users, enabling wider integrated access statistics. 49. important milestone subprogramme biennium progressive accommodation -users’ intermediaries’ expectations regard availability statistical data electronic form readability, exploration manipulation sophisticated software applications facilitated customized operations, calculations, table constructions . web technologies materialize. step rationalization data exploration elaborated statistics section UNCTAD Intranet. 50. addition, subprogramme planning provide training users familiar utilization electronic applications extracting data CD-ROM -line versions ( 33 cent CD-ROM version users ease data extraction creation charts maps). , delegation Yemen trained electronic Handbook. 51. consideration long-term objectives designed Task Force Statistics, subprogramme embarked launching product presented intermediary output, mid- Handbook Statistics flagship publications, usefulness experimented biennium. expected impact popularized statistical pocket book targeting la rger audience, advantage offering benefits terms basic statistical information quick reference, condensed descriptive texts accompanied tables, charts graphs, guidance comprehensive data databases. Information retrieval reference service activities 52. important milestone work subprogramme’ information retrieval reference activities achieved launching web edition -line library. Feedback users UNCTAD’ -line Reference Service Library reveals preference hardcopies books publications length, high degree complexity / econometric models analytical tables/graphs requiring detailed examination. 53. , subprogramme faced challenge consisting complex management web site, requires regular consolidation workflows systematic updating databases languages. subprogramme satisfying -users intermediaries’ requests improved means resources, quality underlying databases, efficiency search facilities architecture web site properly maintained. 54. long-term objectives subprogramme increase number -users involved larger network integrated research-links research-partnerships programme universities worldwide. , subprogramme advertise suitably opportunities gains -users derive active participation programme, including fellowship programme students universities - 20 - developing countries. , -users benefit future , pilot project, addressing development dimensions international trade, submitted Geneva International Academic Network funding; , Research-Links Database connecting 1000 universities. database, initiated regularly updated biennium, facilitated interactions academia, exchange publications topics interest UNCTAD -users intermediaries. Subprogramme 1B DEVELOPMENT OF AFRICA Objectives subprogramme increase understanding economic development problems Africa promote action required national, regional international levels acceleration African development fuller participation positive integration African countries world economy. • subprogramme implemented Office Special Coordinator Africa. - 22 - Expected accomplishment 55. Increased understanding problems faced Africa areas trade, financial flows, debt, structural adjustment supply capacity contribution international, regional national policy measures deal problems. Major outputs activities • Annual reports activities undertaken UNCTAD favour Africa • Panel experts development Africa Trade Development Board (2002 2003) • Economic Development Africa: Adjustment Poverty Reduction: • Economic Development Africa: Issues Africa’ Trade Performance • Economic Development Africa: Trade Performance Commodity Dependence • Contributions Partnership Africa’ Development (NEPAD) meeting Agriculture Market Access Cluster, February 2003, Rome, Italy; participation NEPAD Work--Progress Review Workshop, January 2002, Benoni, South Africa. • programme contributed meetings, : Meeting High-level Committee Programmes (March 2002, York); Meeting Panel Eminent Personalities independent evaluation UN-NADAF 1990s (March 2002, York); Economic Commission Africa (ECA), Conference Ministers Finance Ministers Planning Economic Development (October 2002, Johannesburg); Regional Consultations Agencies Working Africa (October 2002, Addis Ababa); ECA Meeting Learning Group PRSPs7 (November 2002, Brussels); Annual Regional Consultations United Nations Agencies Working Africa ( 2003, Addis Ababa); ECA Committee Experts,( 2003, Addis Ababa); Conference Ministers Finance, Planning Economic Development (June 2003, Addis Ababa); African Development Bank (ADB) Annual meeting Joint ADB/ECA Symposium (June 2003, Addis Ababa); Ad hoc Committee General Assembly Final Review Appraisal UN-NADAF (September 2002, York); TICAD III ( September-October 2003, Tokyo). Accomplishments/results 56. -programme carried analytical studies African development problematique published reports entitled “Economic Development Africa - Adjustment Poverty Reduction: ” “Economic Development Africa: Trade Performance Commodity Dependence”. addition, summaries based reports presented TDB 49th 50th sessions. Board adopted agreed conclusions sessions, transmitted General Assembly. 57. agreed conclusions 49th session Board highlighted main issues discussed, including: call UNCTAD draw valuable lessons independent review United Nations Agenda Development Africa 1990s activities support NEPAD exploring ways improved cooperation Bretton Woods institutions support poverty reduction strategies; streamlining conditionalities context partnerships, helping countries effectively undertake “poverty social impact analysis” systematic basis 7 Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers. - 23 - implementation Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) ensure effective poverty reduction; finding durable solution debt overhang poorest countries, speedy implementation HIPC Initiative 8 case case assessment debt sustainability completion points, strengthening technical assistance external debt management debt tracking; improving volume quality ODA; assistance UNCTAD African countries accede WTO. 58. , agreed conclusions 50th session Board underscored variety policy measures, important reducing Africa’ commodity dependence improving trade performance: reducing agricultural subsidies, reducing eliminating tariff peaks tariff escalation, addressing -tariff barriers contingency trade protection measures, sanitary phytosanitary measures technical barriers trade post-Doha framework; adopting flexible definition rules origin, strengthening upgrading productive capacity African countries means improving benefits countries derive Arms African Growth Opportunity Act market access initiatives; supporting initiatives enable African countries adjust fluctuating commodity prices; collaboration UNCTAD regional economic communities, undertake studies intra-regional trade Africa view identifying potential expansion. 59. statements delegations reports positive quality relevance. panel discussions participation experts appreciated delegations brought development insights issues discussion African perspective. number delegations presentations panellists highest quality. 60. total download 24,000 2002 35,000 2003 UNCTAD’ reports Africa. Consultations NGOs Government officials shown reports important impact policy thinking relation African development. addition, UNCTAD invited participate conferences themes related issues discussed reports : ECA Meeting Learning Group PRSPs, Brussels, Belgium; Working Session EU-LDC9 International Conference “Improving Global Governance Development: Issues Instruments” Chiang Mai, Thailand; ECA Expert Group Meeting Africa’ External Debt, Dakar, Senegal; “éformes économiques éveloppement durable en Afrique: éflexions sur les ôles des acteurs financiers commerciaux” “Questions relatives aux ésultats commerciaux de ’Afrique la épendance sur les produits de base” University Institute Development Studies, University Geneva. 61. results -ante survey UNCTAD publication proposals proposed Programme Budget 2004-2005 Report Economic Development Africa ranked 3.45 4 indicating “ ”. Professor Kwesi Botchwey, Chairman Panel Eminent Personalities Final Review Appraisal Implementation UN-NADAF, statement African Ministers Finance, Planning Economic Development South Africa, 19-21 October 2002, major positive references UNCTAD’ report. 8 Debt Initiative heavily indebted poor country World Bank IMF. 9 LDC stands developed country (-ies). - 24 - Lessons learned 62. main lesson arising activities Subprogramme Development Africa years choice topics validity rigour analyses determining factors impact work carried . choice subject research considered light issues topical, generate interest critical importance development prospects countries region; include raising issues, controversial pertinent development efforts developing countries. , awareness raised intergovernmental processes, context media, academia civil society general, stimulating interest seeking heterodox solutions development problems, process increasing impact UNCTAD’ work. Subprogramme 2 INVESTMENT, ENTERPRISE AND TECHNOLOGY Objectives subprogramme view increasing beneficial international investment flows developing countries benefits derive flows, objective subprogramme improve understanding issues policy choices international investment, enterprise internationalization technology transfer, strengthen developing countries’ abilities formulate implement policies, measures action programmes areas, promote understanding emerging issues order strengthen countries’ ability participate discussions negotiations. • subprogramme implemented Division Investment, Technology Enterprise Development - 26 - Investment issues policy analysis Expected accomplishment 63. () Enhanced understanding consensus policy choices emerging issues related international investment financial flows, development implication flows. Major outputs activities • World Investment Report 2002: Transnational Corporations Export Competitiveness • World Investment Report 2003: FDI Policies Development: National international Perspectives ( CD-ROM FDI statistical data). • World Investment Directory, Volume VIII: Central Eastern Europe. • Investment Guides LDCs: Cambodia, Mozambique Nepal • Transnational Corporations Journal ( issues). • FDI Developed Countries Glance. • Commission Investment, Technology Related Financial Issues, 6th 7th sessions. • Expert meetings Development Dimension FDI: Policies Enhance Role FDI Support Competitiveness Enterprise Sector Economic Performance Host Economies, account Trade/Investment Interface, National International Context (November 2002) • Expert meeting FDI Development (October 2003). • “Manual insurance supervisory authority staff” “ prepare business plan” cooperation International Association Insurance Supervisors. • Advice, guidance training (2 major conferences 8 seminars) area insurance benefited 60 developing countries. Software African insurance companies 30 African insurers rated - basis. • Training workshops FDI statistics regions (South-East Asia West Asia) countries (Brunei, Bahrain Jordan) train 100 people. • FDI database website, including time series data FDI statistics Transnational Corporations operational data industry host/home country. Accomplishments/results 64. discussion reports expert meetings international fora, seminars training investment-related issues national intra-regional fora, objective subprogramme deliver updated accurate information policymakers understanding emerging investment-related issues policy options development. , national level, subprogramme aims increase public awareness disseminating results investment-related research analytical work publications. beneficiaries programme, attention paid Government officials delegations developing countries involved international regional investment agreements / negotiations. 65. evolving changing natures investment-related issues national international levels, challenge abreast latest issues information, - 27 - analyzing efficiently effectively, disseminating policymakers parties involved (.. academics, NGOs, international organizations, .) . 66. subprogramme continued activities () research analyze impact international investment development layout policy implications; (ii) publications disseminate research work global regional trends FDI World Investment Reports, World Investment Directories, Investment Guides LDCs; (iii) maintenance update FDI databases; (iv) training FDI statistics. 67. usefulness analytical work policy implications evident statements delegates international experts UNCTAD’ intergovernmental expert debate 2002-2003. supported readership survey results. Division’ online readership surveys started September 2002 show, responses 227 readers 60 countries (67 cent academics 17 cent national international public sector officials), 91 cent rated publications “ ” work. World Investment Report 2003, covered 830 newspaper articles featured 52 radio TV media reports 95 countries; 37 interviews broadcast 18 countries. readership surveys, 77 cent respondents assessed publication “excellent”. 68. FDI database, including time series data FDI statistics published annually World Investment Reports, maintained updated, Internet wider dissemination. 3,000 registered users free access interactive database covering 196 economies data 1970 2002. 50-country profiles ( FDI Transnational Corporations operational data industry host/home country), published World Investment Directories, Internet. contents division’ publications, 57 cent readers considered UNCTAD’ FDI trends statistics “ ”. Lessons learned 69. improvements dissemination main results investment-related policy analyses wider Internet CD-ROM publications desirable. , deepen understanding investment-related issues FDI data national policymakers, organizing training seminars response participants’ positive feedback called . readership surveys, subprogramme creating mechanism division assessing accurately improvements policymakers’ understanding investment-related issues policies. Policy capacity building Expected accomplishment 70. () Improved ability policy makers design policies strategies attract benefit foreign direct investment technology transfer, understand key concepts treaties development dimension international trade. - 28 - Major outputs activities Investment Policy Reviews (IPRs) • Investment Policy Reviews completed Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Nepal. • Reviews underway Algeria, Benin, Colombia, Brazil, Zambia. • Follow- activities Reviews Egypt, Mauritius Uganda completed, Algeria, Botswana, Ecuador, Nepal Sri Lanka. • Expert Meeting Effectiveness FDI Policy Measures (25-27 June 2003). • Development launch Benchmarking Tool (Investment Compass). International Investment Agreements (IIAs) • regional intensive training courses international investment agreement negotiators 195 participants. • rounds negotiations bilateral investment treaties 36 countries resulting conclusion 47 treaties. • cooperation WTO ( framework paragraphs 20-22 WTO Doha Ministerial Declaration), 12 regional seminars 183 participants, 13 national seminars 10-15 participants seminar, 6 Geneva-based technical workshops 93 participants international investment agreements issues. • IIA issues papers Dispute Settlement (State-State Investor-State) papers (Incentives, Transparency, Glossary, REIO Clauses) forthcoming, update Compendium International Investment Instruments (publication 5 additional volumes), interactive CD-ROM IIA issues papers Compendium. • 13 contributions substantive provisions technical cooperation WTO Working Group Relationship Trade Investment. • Support WTO Working Group Trade Technological Transfer (3 case studies Brazil, South Africa India). • network international investment agreement experts: 300 registered members date • CUTS (Consumer Unity Trust Society) seminars. Advisory Services Investment Training (ASIT) • FORINVEST programme advisory services training packages relating investment regulatory framework, investment policies strategies, sector policies governing participation transnational corporations specific industries: technical assistance Jordan elaboration foreign investment strategy minerals industry; Investors’ Perception Survey Investment Development Authority Lebanon; Investor Targeting Strategy electronics industry Moscow region; Report Investment Promotion Strategy Andean Community Nations regional meeting Lima December 2003; project countries Economic Monetary Community Central Africa diagnosis investment environment region; training workshops investment promotion diplomats Brazil, Egypt Thailand; advisory services aimed improvement investment law Angola Botswana. • STAMP programme advisory services strengthen investment institutions, investment promotion agencies: assistance investment promotion agencies Albania, Bolivia, Costa Rica, Djibouti, Ecuador, Egypt, Latvia, Morocco, Tanzania Saudi Arabia; national regional (Latin America, Central Eastern Europe) events - 29 - advise investment promotion agencies investment promotion strategies, tec hniques practices. • Programme Good Governance Investment Promotion Facilitation aims assist LDCs identifying governance-related obstacles foreign investment introducing instruments practices promote accountability, participation, predictability transparency successive stages investment process: review status governance investment promotion facilitation Lesotho, Maldives Tanzania; advisory reports recommendations Lesotho Tanzania; follow- recommendations Ethiopia, Lesotho Tanzania training customer services staff institutions dealing foreign investors developing client charters national investment promotion agencies. • Investment Gateway, Internet-based interactive platform investment promotion readily information investment opportunities practical information legal regulatory framework, contact data potential investors market intelligence: pilot project cooperation Bolivia, Ecuador Colombia projects Peru, Mexico Djibouti umbrella Investment Gateway Andean Community Nations development. • ASIT assistance number developing countries (Botswana, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Tanzania) organization follow- work implement recommendations contained Investment Policy Reviews. • “ world investment promotion glance: survey investment promotion practices” • Support World Association Investment Promotion Agencies (WAIPA) hosting Secretariat assisting organization training activities annual WAIPA conferences. Accomplishment/results 71. objective subprogramme improve ability developing countries, LDCs, attract benefit FDI technology transfer. key realization objective strengthening ability policy-makers designing policies action programmes attract benefit FDI technology transfer understanding , consensus building , emerging issues international investment. subprogramme (1) analysis investment policies country, Investment Policy Reviews, familiarize public private investors country’ environment policies; (2) services aimed increasing capacity developing countries attract benefit investments demand-driven advisory services training projects implemented Advisory Services Investment Training; (3) assistance Government officials participating international discussions negotiations investment (International Investment Agreement). Policy-makers, diplomats, experts, investment promotion agencies Government officials developing countries countries transition -users programme. 72. biennium, Investment Policy Reviews completed, published discussed Commission Investment, Technology Related Financial Issues Botswana, Ghana, Lesotho, Nepal, Sri Lanka Tanzania. , exchange national experience strengthening enabling environment investment expert meeting effectiveness FDI policy measures, benchmarking tool (Investment Compass) developed regulatory frameworks investment fiscal regimes, policy makers, investment promotion agencies stakeholders comparing performance countries areas, based experience gained - 30 - Reviews. recommendations Investment Policy Reviews countries, biennium, target set endorsement recommendations achieved (90 cent recommendations endorsed Governments) publicly stated Government representatives Commission Investment, Technology Related Financial Issues intergovernmental bodies. 73. Developing countries economies transition assisted creating managing policy frameworks attracting FDI ASIT programmes, including assistance recommendation Reviews ( Botswana, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Lesotho, Tanzania). instance, drafts FDI legislation investment promotion strategy prepared Botswana ASIT programme. biennium, 20 countries benefited request-based programmes ASIT, including Albania, Angola, Botswana, Brazil, Costa Rica, Costa Rica, Egypt, Jordan, Latvia, Lebanon, Morocco, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, countries Andean Community. Technical assistance request completion programmes, revise Jordan’ Natural Resource Law. activities complemented Programme Good Governance Investment Promotion Facilitation LDCs (Ethiopia, Lesotho, Maldives, Mali Tanzania) Investment Gateway. 74. International Investment Agreements work programme, close 500 negotiators, Government officials trained national, regional international seminars, train ing courses workshops. rounds negotiations bilateral investment treaties 36 countries resulted conclusion 47 treaties. civil society benefited CUTS seminars Network international investment agreement experts. Support WTO members workshops contributions WTO Working Group relationship Trade Investment Working Group Trade Technology Transfer. Lessons learned 75. Positive feedback received investment promotion activities, appears statements delegates intergovernmental meetings investment promotion agencies WAIPA events, recipients technical assistance activities. increasing demand ASIT advisory services developing countries economies transition met additional support donor countries programme. , systematic reporting procedures implementation recommendations Governments, cooperation recipient countries Governments, additional human financial resources perform UNCTAD’ investment promotion activities. - 31 - Enterprise technology policies Expected accomplishment 76. () Increased ability developing countries economies transition formulate implement sound enterprise technology policies translate concrete actions benefiting individual enterprises, SMEs.10 () Enterprise Development Mayor outputs activities • Commission Enterprise, Business Facilitation Development, 6th 7th sessions. • Expert Meeting Policies Programmes Technology Development Mastery, including Role FDI. • Expert Meeting Improving Competitiveness SMEs Enhancing Productive Capacity: Financing Technology. • workshops, including business linkages (Penang), encounter CEOs business linkages (Sao Paulo), indigenous entrepreneurs (Toronto). • Enterprise Development Series: Improving Competitiveness Small Medium-sized Enterprises Developing Countries: Role Finance Enhance Enterprise Development. • Enterprise Development Series: Proceedings Symposium Modalities Financing Small Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) Uganda. • Strategy Paper Private Sector Development UNDP/DESA11 Expert High Level Meetings TICAD Support Regional Policies Private Sector Development Africa • Joint research French Ministry Foreign Affairs, Austrian Development Cooperation Agency, Swiss Development Cooperation assess business development services Francophone Africa Ghana. Accomplishments/results 77. subprogramme seeks increase awareness practices enterprise development developing country policy makers. , advisory services Governments formulating concrete policies improving competitiveness enterprise sector. results work feed shape technical cooperation projects carried Division, EMPRETEC programme. 78. biennium, Commission Enterprise, Business Facilitation Development annual sessions, Expert Meetings organized enterprise development issues, attended 100 experts 50 countries. results intergovernmental deliberations disseminated Enterprise Development Series publications, result requests Governments advisory services, indicating increased awareness policy makers work. highlights: 10 SME stands small medium-sized enterprise. 11 Department Economic Social Affairs United Nations. - 32 - • UNCTAD’ work financing small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), Central Bank Uganda requested assistance organizing symposium “Modalities Financing SMEs” Kampala, Uganda, April 2002. symposium attended 260 participants SMEs, commercial banks donor community number concrete proposals improving small medium-sized enterprises’ access finance Uganda. special taskforce SME finance established implement plan action. UNCTAD’ work SME finance brought attention Conference Financing Development Chairman UNCTAD’ Expert Meeting SME finance incorporated final declaration Conference. • result work 4 years range issues enterprise development, UNDP requested strategy paper private sector development Africa served key document UNDP/DESA Expert High Level Meeting TICAD Support Regional Policies Private Sector Development Afric Morocco, April 2003, follow- meeting organized UNCTAD Geneva, July 2003. • research, intergovernmental deliberations, workshops, video SME- Transnational corporation linkages prepared programme, pilot project Uganda Ethiopia concretely establishing linkages local suppliers transnational corporations launched 2003. project set expand African countries. Advisory services business linkages Morocco, Brazil, Cambodia, Vietnam, Ethiopia Uganda. • Liaison joint work organizations: Working Party SMEs Organisation Economic -operation Development (OECD); World Association SMEs; Committee Donor Agencies Small Enterprise Development. programme involve private sector spreading practices enterprise development including Anglo American, Intel Unilever. Unilever put programme’ disposal expert business linkages. (ii) Science Technology Major output activities • Commission Science Technology Development (CSTD), Sixth session (2003) inter-sessional panels. • Publications analytical reports: • Coalition Resources Information Communication Technologies; • Science Technology Diplomacy: concepts elements work programme; • Electronic Commerce Music Business Development Jamaica; • Information Communication Technology Indices; • Investment Technology Policies Competitiveness; • Key Issues Biotechnologies; • Changing Dynamics Global Software Service Industry; • Partnership Networking Science Technology Development. • Africa’ Technology Gap: Case studies Kenya, Ghana, Tanzania Uganda. • CSTD Panels Technology Development Capacity-building Digital Society - Report Secretary-General; • Impact biotechnologies, attention sustainable development, including food security, health economic productivity - Report Secretary-General • Science Technology Development Network (STDev), gateway information activities related science technology development United Nations system. electronic compendium user guide UNCTAD’ work issues - 33 - technology development, 1975-2001, 400 reports studies, developed. internet working groups held promoting science technology meet Millennium Declaration goals, attended approximately 140 individuals 30 countries. website disseminates work Commission technology transfer, ICTs, biotechnology, partnering financing opportunities science technology, information international science technology-related treaties protocols. access information activities United Nations system, multilateral bilateral development institutions, NGOs. STDev signed Memorandum Understanding Development Gateway outreach effort broaden constituencies. receives average 2,800 hits month. • ICT benchmarking tool, designed developing country policy-markers formulating ICT policies. tool users select number indicators speed access Internet, number telephone main lines, mobiles, personal computers, Internet hosts, Internet users, benchmark selective countries regions world monitor progress time. Launched occasion World Summit Information Society December 2003, tool input policy analysis allowing informed insightful study policy , ultimately, promoting , faster effective ICT development. tool developed open source flexible configuration. • Science Technology Diplomacy Initiative: 4 interactive policy dialogues (trade transfer technology; genetically modified organism’ adoption trade; Proposals International Science Technology Treaty; Biotechnology applications trade). main objective Initiative mobilise scientific technological expertise enable developing country diplomats representatives participate fully international negotiations informed decisions emerging issues, science technology play important role. Initiative established UNCTAD, collaboration Science, Technology Innovation Program Harvard University’ Kennedy School Government. Accomplishments/results 79. objective subprogramme strengthen ability developing countries countries transition formulate implement sound technology policies. key realization objective increase understanding technology-related policy issues provision policy advice member States. programme substantive technical support Commission Science Technology Development (CSTD), main function provide high-level advice member States ECOSOC General Assembly matters related science technology development. indicator effectiveness programme extent Commission’ recommendations adopted implemented national level; biennium, 22 member States Commission’ recommendations implemented. 80. -programme developed administered STDev, gateway information activities related science technology development United Nations system ( average 2800 visits month recorded), published 11 analytical reports key issues Science Technology, launched Science Technology diplomacy initiative designed build capacity developing countries address effectively, issues related science technology international diplomacy. interactive policy dialogues executive forum trade transfer technologies gathered 300 participants. December 2003, occasion - 34 - World Summit Information Society, ICT Benchmarking Tool developed provide policy-makers interactive tool allowing assessment countries capabilities terms connectivity access, comparison performances launched. 81. 2002, Division received 22 country reports national policies science technology October 2003, estimated additional countries implementing Commission’ recommendations, based country reports submitted, presentations panel meetings. brings number countries 26, significant increase, compared biennium, reported 20 countries. Impact programme expected accomplishment illustrated positive feedback, member states intergovernmental meetings requests member states information advices. Lessons learned 82. STDev proved effective tool information dissemination work Commission Science Technology Development. forum exchange good practices policy-makers. Science Technology Diplomacy Initiative welcomed praised number member States. future, programme seek improve collaboration cooperation United Nations agencies. Entrepreneurship SME development Expected accomplishment 83. () Strengthening entrepreneurship development small medium-sized enterprises national, regional international levels follow- evaluation technical cooperation project promoting entrepreneurship (EMPRETEC), consolidation, decided Trade Development Board; creation EMPRETEC networking; implementation / strengthening national EMPRETEC programmes 25 countries, account decisions Trade Development Board. Mayor outputs activities 84. EMPRETEC programme aims strengthen institutional capacity developing countries promote entrepreneurship competitive SMEs. -users : developing countries countries economies transition; entrepreneurs high potential export countries; disadvantaged entrepreneurs (.. women entrepreneurs, handicapped displaced soldiers, farmers); transnational corporations ( Business Linkages activity). served intermediaries : EMPRETEC Centers, EMPRETEC Business Associa tions respective Chambers Commerce counterpart institutions country. 2003, national EMPRETEC programmes operational 27 countries. - 35 - 85. main activities outputs biennium : • Awareness raising www.empretec.net. • Annual Directors Meeting (Casablanca 2002, Buenos Aires Accra 2003) motivate directors EMPRETEC National Centers formulate strategies entrepreneurial development. • Newsletters, distributed Empretecos (entrepreneurs completed EMPRETEC training programme) EMPRETEC Center directors, donors. • Data collection EMPRETEC Centers initiated assess performance individual centers integrated management information system. • Development Products services: Business linkage model, Training women entrepreneurs. Accomplishments/results 86. accomplishments biennium : • 20,000 visitors ‘www.empretec.net’ website. • Positive responses EMPRETEC Newsletter Empretecos EMPRETEC Centers. Empretecos requested Newsletter published Spanish understand . • inception EMPRETEC programme 1988, 70,000 entrepreneurs received training 375 experienced local trainers follow- support 27 countries. • 2002, programmes Guatemala, Jordan, Palestinian Territory Romania fully operationalized. • 2003, Programme Guyana fully installed; • activities . Business Linkages Women Entrepreneurs launched. test basis, training programmes conducted activities Ethiopia Uganda. • Increased South-South cooperation EMPRETEC Centers: , EMPRETEC Zimbabwe EMPRETEC Ethiopia assisted full establishment Enterprise Uganda. 87. relevance programme : • increased number requests developing countries countries transition installing programme; • increased number trainees, trainers customized training programmes target sector (.. exporters, farmers, women entrepreneurs); • Increased awareness/thirst Empretecos networking business opportunities; • Awards certificates won Empretecos indicating achievement highest standards sector country, • increased number requests Empretecos programme continuation. - 36 - Lessons learned 88. domestic level, Governments encourage improved business environment entrepreneurial development. utilization programme developing countries, LDCs, countries transition contribute , renewed continuous efforts fund-raising . Accounting corporate governance Expected accomplishment 89. () Increased transparency, reliability comparability corporate accounting reporting, improved governance developing countries countries transition. Major outputs activities • Intergovernmental Working Group Experts International Standards Accounting Reporting (ISAR), 19th 20th sessions. • Selected Issues Corporate Governance: Regional Country Experiences • Guidance accounting financial reporting small medium-sized enterprises • Guidance corporate governance disclosure requirements • Guidance eco-efficiency performance indicators • Revised model curriculum accounting professional education • International Accounting Reporting Issues, Review 2002 Review 2003 • Workshops : restoring investor confidence corporate transparency; strengthening accounting profession; corporate social responsibility reporting; eco-efficiency indicators. • 5 case studies issues implementation corporate governance disclosure requirements • Selected Issues Practices Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting • volumes ISAR Update newsletter • - policy technical advise International Federation Accountants International Accounting Standards Board issues related implementation accounting, audit professional education standards Accomplishments/results 90. objective programme promote transparency, reliability comparability corporate accounting reporting improve disclosures corporate governance enterprises developing countries countries economies transition. programme achieves integrated process research, intergovernmental consensus building, dissemination technical cooperation. 91. biennium, programme experts accounting, financial reporting, corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, accounting education policy makers, regulators, standard-setters annual fora exchanged views learned ’ experiences. annual sessions Intergovernmental Working Group Experts International Standards Accounting - 37 - Reporting (ISAR) resulted consensus guidance accounting financial reporting small medium-sized enterprises corporate governance disclosure requirements. number participants nineteenth session Group reached record level 180, 15 -cent increase previous session. twentieth session, 200 experts participated, setting record 11 -cent increase. increasing number participants relevance issues ISAR tackling member States, aftermath series corporate failures biennium. important note minimal resources expended supporting participants travel daily subsistence allowances. number requests technical cooperation programmes invitations UNCTAD participate provide expertise national, regional international level rise. Lessons learned 92. Experience biennium shown consensus building, extent adopting guidance transparency disclosure issues, requires consideration issues session. Workshops ad hoc consultative group meetings feed annual ISAR sessions increasingly facilitate deliberations annual sessions. helpful allocate resources workshops ad hoc consultations. - 39 - Subprogramme 3 INTERNATIONAL TRADE Objectives subprogramme view assisting developing countries integrate fully , derive benefits , international trading system increasing participation world trade, objective subprogramme improve understanding current emerging issues international trade concern developing countries enhance ability address concerns areas agriculture, services, electronic commerce, competition law policy trade- environment-development nexus. • subprogramme implemented Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities. - 40 - Trade negotiations commercial diplomacy Expected accomplishment 93. () Strengthened capacities developing countries countries economies transition articulate, formulate implement policies strategies participate effectively , derive maximum benefit , international trade , , multilateral trade negotiations. Major output activities • Report Secretary-General United Nations International Trade Development General Assembly 57th 58th sessions. • Trade Development Board post-Doha Work Programme (49th session) • Trade Development Board outcome WTO Ministerial Conference (50th session). • Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities, 6th 7th sessions. • Expert meetings : Audiovisual Services: Improving Participation Developing Countries; Market Access Mode 4 Supply Services; Market Entry Conditions Affecting Competitiveness Exports Goods Services Developing Countries: Large Distribution Networks, account special LDCs; Energy Services. • Contributions Ministerial preparatory meetings expert meetings WTO Ministerial Conference LDCs, African Union, ACP States, Arab States, Asian countries, Latin American countries Caribbean countries, number national events. • Participation , reporting , meetings WTO bodies providing contributions requested. • 68 advisory technical missions developing countries, LDCs African countries, regional organizations WTO Doha Work Programme, ACP-EU trade negotiations, regional trade negotiations developing countries, Generalized System Preferences (GSP) trade preferences. • 20 publications trade policy negotiation issues interest developing countries, including Energy Environmental Services: Negotiating Objectives Development Priorities • Numerous WTO negotiation briefs, policy analyses international trading system trade negotiations reports follow- Millennium Declaration, Monterrey Consensus, World Economic Social Survey. • 5 training modules topics international trade agenda. • 100 training courses, seminars workshops multilateral regional trade negotiations, commercial diplomacy, GSP trade preferences, total participation 3000 representatives Governments, businesses, civil society stakeholders. • 40 technical assistance projects trade negotiations commercial diplomacy, including: programme capacity building technical cooperation developing countries, LDCs, economies transition, support participation WTO Doha Work Programme; commercial diplomacy activities; services negotiation projects; small island developing countries (SIDS) agric ultural trade liberalization; dispute settlement international trade, investment intellectual property; - 41 - Joint ITC12/UNCTAD/WTO Integrated Programme Technical Assistance (JITAP) Phase 8 African countries (1998-2002) Phase II 16 African countries (2003- 2006); UNDP-funded regional trade negotiations capacity building programme - Saharan African countries (1998-2003); programme effective utilization GSP trade preferences. Accomplishments/results 94. objective strengthen human, institutional regulatory capacities developing countries countries economies transition formulate trade policy conduct trade negotiations countries participate effectively derive maximum benefits international trade. Challenges achieving objective : (1) build awareness consensus Governments address multilateral, regional national trade policy, regulatory negotiations issues development concern interest developing transition countries; (2) assist trade officials trade negotiators developing transition countries, training economic legal analyses, : articulating, formulating implementing trade trade-related polices regulations; defining key national ( common) trade development interests international trade negotiations; identifying implementing negotiating strategies promote interests. 95. Strategies achieving objective intergovernmental deliberation consensus building; expert discussions; technical policy analysis; issue region- specific negotiation briefs training materials; demand-driven, -based targeted advisory missions, technical assistance training programmes; joint activities , contributions trade negotiations , United Nations agencies, WTO, Commonwealth Secretariat, ACP Group Secretariat, African Union, NEPAD Secretariat, Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery, South Centre, . cooperation United Nations agencies, UNCTAD Convener Working Group Trade United Nations Executive Committee Economic Social Affairs. interventions focused issues interest concern developing transition countries, : () trade negotiations Doha Work Programme services trade, Mode 4, agriculture trade, -agriculture trade including textiles clothing, Singapore issues, special differential treatment, implementation issues, special concerns LDCs, African countries small economies; () trade remedies dispute settlement; () regional trade agreements, including ACP-EU trade negotiations South-South trade; () GSP, rules origin trade preferences. 96. Indicators achievement included : growing number quality proposals submitted developing countries Doha Work Programme negotiations agriculture, services -agricultural goods; 88 proposals submitted developing countries review special differential treatment, detailed proposals African Group (TN/CTD//3/RE.1) LDCs (TN/CTD//4 Add.1) formed basis negotiations WTO members; agriculture negotiations, 43 107 proposals developing countries developing country groups; services negotiations, developing countries engaged initial offer/request process submitted initial requests 23 total 39 initial offers; -agriculture market access modalities, developing countries/groups submitted 15 21 proposals. 12 UNCTAD/WTO International Trade Centre. - 42 - 97. Developing country groups elaborated substantive common positions Doha Work Programme negotiations , participated actively , WTO Ministerial Conference (Cancú, September 2003). included LDCs (Dhaka Declaration Common Position), African Union States (Mauritius Declaration Common Position), ACP States (ACP Declaration Ministerial Conference WTO), Arab States (Recommendations Arab Ministerial Meeting preparation WTO Ministerial Conference). individual developing countries submitted position papers Conference. 98. Prior Cancú, developing countries formed strategic issue-based alliances pursue common negotiating objectives. included -20 agriculture; -33 special products special safeguard mechanism agriculture; tripartite alliance African Union, ACP States LDCs. 99. TDB agreed regularly review developments issues post-Doha work programme concern developing countries, recommendation Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities. Board carried review 49th 50th session. constituted intergovernmental discussion outcome WTO Cancú Ministerial Conference, intensive 43 statements regional groups, countries observers, substantive Chairman’ summary Cancú impasse . large number countries expressed appreciation high quality documentation presented Board analyses capacity building programmes Doha Work Programme conducted UNCTAD. Chairman presented conclusions 58th session General Assembly. 100. General Assembly reviewed, 57th 58th session developments issues post-Doha work programme concern developing countries , extensive deliberations, adopted resolutions /RES/57/235 /RES/58/197. resolutions emphasized importance development issues concerns raised developing countries Doha Work Programme fully account WTO negotiations, supported continued enhanced work UNCTAD. , resolution note -depth review undertaken 50th session TDB developments post-Doha work programme, contribution understanding actions required developing countries secure beneficial meaningful integration multilateral trading system global economy achieve balanced, development-oriented successful conclusion Doha negotiation; requested UNCTAD continue work trade-related issues policies development perspective. noted work development benchmarks international trading system trade negotiations; emphasized importance , invited member states support activities UNCTAD; reiterated importance supporting UNCTAD’ programmes technical cooperation capacity building assisting developing countries, programmes support participation Doha Work Programme. Lessons learned 101. Intergovernmental deliberations development aspects multilateral trade negotiations Doha Work Programme important facilitating frank discussions negotiating forums; enhancing - 43 - understanding views approaches; building consensus actions facilitate effective beneficial participation developing countries transition countries. deliberations continued. Expert meetings, audiovisual services Mode 4, effective promoting -depth examination trade issues significant development potential providing policy recommendations Governments regard, identifying follow- work. expert meetings emphasized. Trade negotiations commercial diplomacy advisory services technical assistance greater impact responding short-term trade negotiators policy-makers, closely coordinated keeping pace actual trade negotiations. support sustainable impact, addressed parallel, longer-term institutional, human regulatory capacity-building . requires support , enhancement , ongoing UNCTAD capacity development programmes implementation . strong emphasis inter-Branch cooperation collaboration, outputs benefited . Closer collaboration United Nations international agencies proven coordinating activities international trade enhancing impact. collaboration enhanced. Trade analysis information Expected accomplishment 102. () Increased awareness factors underlying developments international trade impact trade policies increased capacity implement trade policy tools development policies effective. Major outputs activities • Report Secretary-General United Nations International Trade Development General Assembly 57th 58th sessions. • Analytical studies Trade Services; International Trade Labour Market Performance; South-South Integration; Agricultural Trade Reform Poverty Reduction, Implications -Saharan Africa; Shifting Sands: Searching Compromise WTO Negotiations Agriculture; Export Performance Determinants; Crawling Snake Pit: Special Differential Treatment post-Cancú Initiatives Trade Poverty; -Agricultural Market Negotiations; Arms Initiative Developed Countries European Union; Modern RTA’ Implications Stability Trade Policy13; Quantification -Tariff Measures, 2002. • Agricultural Trade Policy Model (ATPSM), developed close collaboration Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), Internet CD-ROM, ATPSM Handbook. Presentation ATPSM Geneva Bangkok total number 140 participants. • Trade Analysis Information System (TRAINS): increased country coverage 119 148 100 countries’ data updated 2002 . • World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) software: tool analyze TRAINS database developed close collaboration World Bank, functions improvements. 13 RTA stands regional trade agreements. - 44 - • 18 regional national TRAINS Seminars/Workshops total number 440 participants: regional events / Organization African Unity, Economic Social Commission Asia Pacific (ESCAP), Latin American Integration Association, Economic Commission Latin America Caribbean (ECLAC), Geneva delegations, selected developing countries EU, Bangkok, FAO AMAD (Agricultural Market Access database) group, Pacific Islands; national events Samoa, Vanuatu, Fiji, Malaysia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala Viet Nam, cooperation WTO, World Bank ESCAP. • Contribution, primarily -Agricultural Market Access Negotiations, 22 preparatory events seminars/workshops trade negotiations total number 1,005 participants : -Minded Group Geneva, Argentina La Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, ACP (African, Caribbean Pacific Group) States, LDCs, African Group, Commonwealth Secretariat Southern African Development Community, Arab States, Southern Africa Trade Research Network, Venezuela, Bolivia, Guatemala, Ecuador, Colombia, Indonesia, India, Tunisia, Kenya, Zimbabwe Viet Nam. • Participation Joint Vienna Institute Training Seminars Trade Issues Transition Economies. • Policy analyses international trading system trade negotiations reports follow- Millennium Declaration, Monterrey Consensus, World Economic Social Prospects. Accomplishments/results 103. objective subprogramme, implemented Trade Analysis Branch, increase awareness factors underlying developments international trade impact trade policies, increase capacities utilize implement trade policy tools formulating effective development policies. outputs programme inputs intergovernmental deliberations consensus building; provision technical advice programmes Division technical cooperation activities; extensively disseminated public large Governments, academic community, research institutions private sector. 104. indicators achievement identifiable. studies disseminated channels: , United Nations system world, including UNDP office libraries; , Government officials receiving studies advice UNCTAD officials technical assistance missions; , Permanent Missions Geneva, delegates developing countries relying UNCTAD’ research negotiations; finally, UNCTAD’ staff invited universities research centres developed developing countries present findings. large number requests national/regional seminars briefings Geneva individual countries -groups cross-regional groups developing countries looked UNCTAD’ work agriculture - agricultural market access define negotiating positions WTO trade negotiations. response, training workshops Geneva developing countries. 105. continued development dissemination TRAINS highlights utility tool trade negotiators policy makers trade policy formulation trade negotiations, international organizations academic research institutions. 1000 licenses issued access TRAINS Internet. - 45 - Responses 50 external requests tailor- tabulations received delegations Geneva, Government ministries, international regional organizations, research institutions academics. TRAINS data : Global Trade Analysis Project, general equilibrium modelling system economists worldwide, Agricultural Market Access database (AMAD), inter- agency cooperative effort widely agricultural economists policy-makers. TRAINS database powered WITS presented 50 delegations Geneva seminars workshops. Approximately 250 CD versions ATPSM distributed release. users (181 months) Internet version ATPSM. Applications model published Argentina, Italy Korea. Papers ATPSM presented conferences OECD Paris, European Trade Study Group Madrid International Association Agricultural Economists Durban. Seminars ATPSM generated results presented Canada, Kenya, Zimbabwe Mozambique. Lessons learned 106. ascertained, policies negotiations concerned quality debate lifted. Uruguay , developing countries obligations fully aware costs technical requirements implementation. , felt properly informed offered terms market access. Partly result technical cooperation, based research analysis UNCTAD , developing countries argue case development aspects negotiations central WTO’ post-Doha work programme. 107. process continued WTO Doha Ministerial Conference UNCTAD continued carrying studies providing information member Governments developing countries, including technical cooperation programmes. outputs benefited extensive inter-Branch cooperation collaboration. allowed developing countries informed position negotiations, putting proposals evaluating proposals . UNCTAD’ ability advise developing countries actual WTO negotiations constrained fact , observer organization, participate WTO meetings observe negotiations actual negotiations open observers UNCTAD. 108. research output attempts widely , UNCTAD received increasing number invitations participate international conferences collaborates agencies institutions area trade policy research, , World Bank, World Institute Development Economics Research United Nations University, OECD, Department International Development United Kingdom, annual meetings research institutions, . papers presentations prepared events recorded United Nations publications. Participation meetings assist dissemination UNCTAD’ research helps maintain UNCTAD prime institution trade-related development- oriented research. 109. concern arises factors hindering rapid dissemination analytical research studies general public specific events. , editing - 46 - printing process months substantive completion research studies: , , outputs prepared biennium biennium. reason, increasing Internet vehicle rapid dissemination. Consideration source intensively speed cost relative printing. advance informal dissemination studies, considerable demand 2003 presentations, agriculture -agricultural negotiations, national regional workshops -groups delegation Geneva. , recognized , developing countries, internet access unsatisfactory expensive. 110. , UNCTAD outputs diverse range users, , inclusion questionnaires products, response rates . databases tools market development purposes country enterprise product/market objectives. policy research, countries, including developing countries LDCs, conflicting objectives, depending market interests, preferential -favoured-nation treatment application measures textiles clothing restraints export subsidies domestic supports agriculture. , countries, stage development, ready move faster liberalisation, feel move quickly high short-term adjustment costs unexplored unexploited opportunities sectoral policies externalities. purpose research work level playing field provision information individual member Governments informed decisions policy stance. 111. , extent research points specific policy conclusions, area trade policy shifts policy improvements market access tend place medium long term, biennium reporting period. Commodities Expected accomplishment 112. () Increased contribution commodity sector sustainable development economic diversification; application modern commodity price risk management financial instruments greater participation added- chains. Major outputs activities • Meeting Eminent Persons Commodities Issues (2003, General Assembly resolution /57/381), report discussed TDB General Assembly (resolution /RES/58/204). • Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities, 7th session. • Expert meeting Diversification Production Exports Commodity Dependent Developing Countries, including Single Commodity Exporters, Industrialization Development, account Special LDCs. - 47 - • Expert meeting Market Entry Conditions Affecting Competitiveness Exports Goods Services Developing Countries: Large Distribution Networks, account special LDCs. • table Commodities, Markets Rural Development context Economic Social Council (ECOSOC) preparations. • multi-stakeholder meetings “Sustainability Coffee Sector: Exploring Opportunities International Cooperation – Assessment Implementation”. • Technical reports publications : world commodity trends prospects ( General Assembly); export diversification, market access competitiveness ( Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities); trends international banana marketing structures; agricultural domestic support Uruguay Agreement Agriculture reference Blue Box; transport logistics costs; integrating -Saharan small-scale horticultural producers; impact supermarket chains African agro-food sector; organic fruit vegetables tropics: market, certification production information producers international trading companies. • Project Diversification Commodity-based Development: regional national workshops. number reports www.unctad.org/commodities. results project forming basis technical assistance diversification, focusing national- level issues. • Project Natural Resources: Capacity-building policy networking sustainable resource-based development, focused Africa Latin America. workshop held local Government officials mining regions Ecuador. cooperation United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), research papers news mineral policy related issues www.natural-resources.org. • Technical assistance advisory services, diversification sustainable economic development areas dependent mining. project Peru economic diversification regions mines approaching closure. workshop national policy dialogue Tanzania. • Market intelligence analysis reports basic commodity information statistics: • World Commodity Survey (July 2003) • Handbook World Mineral Trade Statistics (December 2002) • Commodity Yearbook (October 2003) • Reports iron ore ( market review spring statistics autumn issues) • Infocomm website (www.unctad.org/infocomm), quantitative qualitative commodity information. • African Oil & Gas Trade Finance Conferences, Sixth (2002 Cameroon) Seventh (2003 Angola). Assistance African Energy Commission, development work programme Africa’ energy integration role local players energy sector. • Advisory training materials application modern commodity price risk management innovative financial instruments. Guidelines financing horticultural trade, avoiding commodity finance frauds, raising funds capital markets. support FAO, practical mechanism operationalize GATT14 Marrakesh Decision 1995 “measures negative effects reform programme -developed net food-importing developing countries”. • Conferences structured finance India, Indonesia Malaysia. training Cuba risk management financing mechanisms food imports. 14 General Agreement Tariffs Trade - 48 - • Advice developing countries establishment commodity exchanges. forum emerging exchanges 23rd ürgenstock Conference Swiss Options Futures Association. • Sustainable Coffee Initiativ : developed International Institute Sustainable Development, bringing stakeholders search economic environmental sustainability coffee sector. • meeting entry force International Cocoa Agreement 2003 assistance renegotiation International Tropical Timber Agreement. Accomplishments/results 113. objective subprogramme, implemented Commodities Branch, assist commodity dependent countries efforts adapt policies strategies, seeking innovative solutions problems encounter. Considerable effort analyse issues disseminate information form publications, websites, workshops training courses. effectiveness activities judged long term, indirect conclusions usefulness activities perceived drawn fact UNCTAD receives requests cooperation, assistance advice area commodities handle. 114. UNCTAD strives continuously improve quality outputs disseminate information commodities sector efficiently. Publications distributed official channels means Governments, NGOs, associations producers exporters international organizations. reports UNCTAD’ website significantly increased dissemination. indication quality usefulness publications observed fact Infocomm website visited UNCTAD’ specialized subsites. covers 20 commodities, 20 added 2004. website UNCTAD’ commodity site (www.unctad.org/commodities), presents activities Branch, large number documents links sites commodity information. 2004, sites linked UNCTAD’ statistical database commodities. 115. Expert meetings held Geneva attended 150 experts, 100 developing countries, presented national experiences commodities production trade promoting interaction participants allowing interchange countries’ regional experiences. valuable insight problems faced regions highlighted issues common / specific developing countries countries transition. discussions basis reports submitted Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities, contributed allowing decision makers develop strategies area commodities adapt production trade policies countries participate fully international trade commodities. eminent persons’ meeting commodity issues contributed raising profile issues confronting commodity-dependent countries international level, General Assembly adopting resolution commodities 58th session. 116. national workshops Development Account Project Diversification Commodity-based Development increased awareness participants, including policy makers, issues horticultural diversification, links artesian fisheries - 49 - world markets, certification trade organics products, problems diversification agricultural sector general. increasing awareness evidenced emphasis countries concerned increasing role private sector agriculture agro-industry. 117. Development Account Project Natural Resources, Africa, emphasized complementing macroeconomic policy initiatives promote stability, mechanisms management resource rents longer term. Training material issues produced African Mining Network, intended support Africa Mining Partnership NEPAD, process established. Latin America, focus local authorities, support decentralization policies national Governments. Training material local authorities produced Latin American network focus mineral resources related sustainable development issues established website (http://biblioteca.unmsm..pe/redlieds/). 118. Important results achieved application modern commodity price risk management financial instruments. commodity exchanges created India result Branch’ work reach turnover close US$ 30 billion 2003, exchange, expected larger, started trading December 2003. Lessons learned 119. countries dependent commodities bulk export fiscal revenue. , raising profile commodity issues major challenge UNCTAD addressing. Assisting commodity-dependent countries maximize benefits commodity resources anther challenge UNCTAD addressing. ability UNCTAD effect change commodity-dependent countries depend large extent resources provide expertise critical mass ensure sustained follow-. Activities fulfil conditions higher priority singular events. addition, innovative idea / approach identified, worthwhile repeatedly bring attention relevant audience generate “critical mass” interest. amply demonstrated distinction Commodities Branch market access market entry issues, gained international recognition. 120. , delegations demonstrate ownership activities mandate UNCTAD undertake. calls dialogue UNCTAD delegations process identifying priority areas work. 121. Cooperation regional organizations adds considerable activities, owing closely knitted networks stakeholders region. cooperation embarked early stage ensuring sustained follow regions. Collaboration Branches Division instrumental delivering outputs/activities. 122. websites disseminate information, improve understanding, great improvement work UNCTAD commodities effective. , occasional problems search engine UNCTAD’ - 50 - digital library corrected order easier clients access documents. Competition law policy, consumer protection Expected accomplishment 123. () Increased capacity developing countries countries transition dealing competition consumer protection issues, attention paid gender dimension. Major outputs activities • Intergovernmental Group Experts Competition Law Policy, 4th 5th sessions. • Ad hoc Expert Meeting Revision Model Law Competition. • Contributions Intergovernmental expert meetings Audiovisual Services: Improving Participation Developing Countries; Market Entry Conditions Affecting Competitiveness Exports Goods Services Developing Countries: Large Distribution Networks, account special LDCs. • Capacity building technical cooperation activities create competition culture worldwide, assisting beneficiary countries preparation, revision implementation competition legislation. • Technical support developing countries economies transition evaluate implications closer multilateral cooperation competition area. regional Post-Doha meetings cooperation WTO organizations, “Consolidated Report” (2002) “Final Consolidated Report” (2003). • Technical reports publications : Experiences Gained International Cooperation Competition Policy Issues Mechanisms ; Competition Policy Exercise Intellectual Property Rights; Roles Dispute Mediation Mechanisms Alternative Arrangements, Including Voluntary Peer Reviews, Competition Law Policy; Important Competition Cases Developing Countries; Reviews Capacity-Building Technical Assistance, Advisory Training Programmes Competition Law Policy; Model Law Competition; Handbooks Competition Legislation. • UNCTAD series issues competition law policy (2 series biennium). Accomplishments/results 124. objective subprogramme, implemented Competition Consumer Policies Branch, assist developing countries countries transition examining developing national regulatory institutional framework competition law policy defending consumer interests. focus programme reflected work Intergovernmental Group Experts Competition Law Policy, meets annually monitors application implementation United Nations Set Principles Rules Competition15. work body United Nations Review Conferences, UNCTAD plays major role competition policy intergovernmental level. UNCTAD recognized Governments, 15 Set unanimously adopted General Assembly resolution 35/63. - 51 - developing transitional countries, focal point analytical research technical assistance competition policy. 125. Intergovernmental Group Experts Competition Law Policy (henceforth Expert Group) fully multilateral body competition authorities world, representatives countries competition law authorities, meet discuss exchange views specific competition matters. fourth (2002) (2003) sessions, Expert Group held consultations exchanges views number substantive issues area competition law policy, results account individual member States dealing competition policies important impact participation trade negotiations. recommendation Expert Group, ad hoc Expert Meeting Revision Model Law Competition organised. Subsequently, revised version Model Law finalized time July 2003 Expert Group session, highly praised essential input developing countries envisage adoption upgrading domestic competition legislation. usefulness revised Model Law confirmed high number countries preparing competition laws requested UNCTAD support capacity building respect. sessions, Expert Group adopted agreed conclusions contained specific recommendations addressed member States long list activities UNCTAD, indicating success Expert Group sessions active support member States meetings. 2003 session Expert Group explicit recommending eleventh conference UNCTAD continuation strengthening work competition law policy “ proceeds active support participation member countries”. 126. practical impact policy recommendations information contained reports publications highly assessed representatives member States. Replies received questionnaires show high appreciation documentation participants meetings average 70 cent ( variations 68 75 cent) evaluating documents publications “essential” “ ”. case, , reports noted major outputs/activities. 127. biennium, technical cooperation area expanded significantly result substantial growth demand donor assistance. programme continued assist creation competition culture individual developing transition countries, regional -regional integration groupings States. conferences, seminars, workshops, training advisory missions, assistance assessing adverse effects anti-competitive practices trade development steps adopt, reform implement effectively competition laws policies, including advising drafting domestic competition consumer protection legislation regional rules field, institution-building competition authorities. UNCTAD staff members participated actively number external seminars conferences related issue competition law policy consumer protection. biennium, altogether 80 activities implemented countries, developing countries economies transition. 128. feedback received technical cooperation activities favourable. UNCTAD considered international community principal international organisation active area, activities greatly contributed - 52 - awareness developing countries necessity adopting effectively implementing competition law policy. beneficiary countries, countries (Botswana, Vietnam, China, Swaziland, Malawi, Kenya, Thailand Zambia) achieved progress preparation adoption, revision implementation national competition legislation result UNCTAD’ contributions. noted demands assistance field exceeded assistance UNCTAD, due resource limitations. UNCTAD technical cooperation meetings highly praised evaluation questionnaires distributed events. 129. 2002-2003, part capacity-building programmes line requests WTO Doha Ministerial Declaration, UNCTAD, cooperation WTO intergovernmental organisations, organised series 8 regional Post-Doha meetings, aimed helping developing countries, LDCs, “ evaluate implications closer multilateral cooperation development policies objectives.” meetings, attempt bring Government officials competition experts capitals, independent experts top Geneva negotiators WTO, order enable full exchange views competition experts Geneva WTO negotiators. 2002, UNCTAD organized series regional seminars Panama City, Tunis, Hong Kong Odessa. 2003, regional Post-Doha meetings held; Regional Asian Conference Kuala Lumpur, Conference Post-Doha Competition Issues Africa Nairobi, Regional Post-Doha seminar Latin America Caribbean Sao Paulo, Competition Conference Countries Transition Tashkent. discussions results meetings highly appreciated helpful participating countries evidenced highly positive replies received evaluation questionnaires event. 2002 “Consolidated Report” 2003 “Final Consolidated Report”, summarizing main issues concerns expressed meetings, widely distributed discussed Expert Group meetings WTO Working Group Interaction Trade Competition Policy. consolidated reports received constitute important basis work Post- Doha period. 130. UNCTAD actively cooperated organisations working field, including OECD newly-created International Competition Network. Lessons learned 131. programme key contribution enhancing member States’ understanding competition-related issues development process. Feedback received users outputs activities adjust assistance close demand. instance, scope improvements focus assistance correspond countries stages development competition consumer-protection laws policies. respect, decided , feasible, experts developing countries participate events developed countries. concern raised lack sufficient time discussion, lectures seminars; late delivery transcripts presentations studies. concerns addressed biennium. definite support UNCTAD contacts UNDP, individual Governments donor institutions, constructed strengthened. Time-consuming activities implementation extensive substantially increased technical cooperation projects, related - 53 - administrative paperwork, careful review, internal reform additional staff solution. Cooperation organizations continued. Cooperation WTO helped meet mandate Doha UNCTAD- WTO cooperative efforts. , internal collaboration branches Division delivering outputs/activities. Trade, environment development Expected accomplishment 132. () Increased awareness ability developing countries develop mutually supportive trade, environment development policies national multilateral levels, consideration gender equality discussions decision-making. Major outputs activities • Experts meeting Environmental Requirements International Trade. • Experts meeting Definitions Dimensions Environmental Goods Services Trade Development. • Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities, 6th 7th sessions. • Task Manager Trade 2002 Review UNCED16; contribution World Summit Sustainable Development. • UNEP-UNCTAD Capacity Building Task Force, type-II deliverable World Summit. • Enhanced provision technical cooperation capacity building, project, Building Capacity Improved Policy Making Negotiation Key Trade Environment Issues. regional meetings, ten national workshops training workshops. • UNCTAD/India/United Kingdom project Strategies preparedness trade globalization India • UNCTAD/FAO/IFOAM 17 Task Force Harmonization Equivalence Organic Agriculture. • BIOTRADE Initiative components: country regional programmes; policy development trade facilitation; internet services. • Publications : Bioeconomy: Industrial Environmental Biotechnology Developing Countries; Organic Guarantee System. strategy harmonization equivalence; Environmental Goods: Trade Statistics Developing Countries; Trade, Globalization Gender: Evidence South Asia ( print); Trade Environment: Lessons Learned India; Standards Trade; Organic Agriculture: Trading Opportunities Developing Countries ( print); Protecting Promoting Traditional Knowledge: Systems, National Experiences International Dimensions ( print); Integrating Environmental Requirements Foreign Direct Investment; working papers technical cooperation capacity building programme. • publication series, Trade Environment Review ( issue print). 16 United Nations Conference Environment Development. 17 International Federation Organic-Agricultural Movements - 54 - Accomplishments/results 133. objective subprogramme, implemented Trade, Environment Development Branch, strengthen capacity developing countries develop mutually supportive trade, environment development policies national multilateral levels, consideration gender equality. Bangkok Plan Action, adopted UNCTAD , gave Secretariat expanded mandate area trade, environment development. Challenges implementing mandate posed : trends environmental requirements; negotiations discussions WTO, mandated Doha Ministerial Declaration. 134. respect trends environmental requirements, growing frequency, complexity stringency environmental requirements creates problems trade trade policy areas. , effective participation developing countries regulatory review processes provide adequate timely information regulations material impact market access manufacturing processes. address challenge, UNCTAD working possibility creating consultative group environmental requirements international trade, initial funding Government Netherlands. , regulations standards based adhere internationally agreed standards developed international standardization bodies, recognize equivalent regulations standards adopted trade partners chosen -trade restrictive alternative protect environment human health. aspects problem addressed UNCTAD/FAO/IFOAM Task Force Harmonization Equivalence Organic Agriculture, produced number studies : current status standards conformity assessment systems; impact organic guarantee systems production trade organic products; implications EU Regulation 2092/91 developing countries relations WTO Rules; extent international harmonization transparency mechanisms; existing potential models mechanisms equivalency mutual recognition. , regulations standards hazard-based risk-based, favouring process production methods products, precautionary approach science-based risk assessment. UNCTAD responded challenge facilitating access scientific technical advice issues relating environmental sanitary phytosanitary measures impact application technologies, biotechnology. parameters work explored special session Expert Meeting Environmental Requirements Trade, 6th session Commission Trade Goods Services, Commodities. UNCTAD -organized UNCTAD-Harvard International Conference Science, Technology Innovation: Emerging International Policy Issues regard. 135. respect negotiations discussions WTO, unprecedented decision, Doha Ministerial Conference called negotiations environment-related issues: relationship multilateral environmental trade regimes, liberalization trade environmental goods services. Declaration mandated discussions environmental requirements market access. negotiating issues create challenges developing countries addressed number ways. newly launched Trade Environment Review, devoted exploring practical approaches negotiations relationship special trade obligations Multilateral Environmental Agreements, environmental goods services. expert meeting Definitions Dimensions Environmental Goods Services Trade - 55 - Development, examining issues developing country perspective view identifying environmental goods services export import interest developing countries, addressing systemic issues arising negotiating mandate, regard environmental infrastructure services. importance UNCTAD’ technical cooperation work multilateral trade negotiation issues environment acknowledged wide range countries, developing developed, leading invitation UNCTAD participate, time, special session WTO Committee Trade Environment. UNCTAD actively contributed international debate protection traditional knowledge. 136. Technical assistance activities biennium responded - mentioned challenges, extra-budgetary funding activities increased significantly. UNCTAD/FIELD project Building Capacity Improved Policy Making Negotiation Key Trade Environment Issues, funded United Kingdom, accounts increase excluding BIOTRADE. project, UNCTAD started implementation regional programmes: Central America Caribbean (Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua Panama), focusing environmental goods services environmental requirements key export markets market access agricultural products, including promotion trading opportunities organic products; South South-East Asian (Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Philippines, Thailand Viet Nam), focusing environmental requirements, market access export competitiveness sectors: leather footwear, horticulture, electronics. 137. feedback regions positive. total 73 participants meetings held Latin America, 88 percent clear link work. Similarly, 89 percent participants considered usefulness quality workshop attended “excellent” “ good”. Asia, 90 percent respondents activities met institutions, 65 percent respondents claiming events fully met organizations. 95 percent respondents believed events enabled deepen knowledge understanding issues debated. 138. Regular participation WTO regional seminars trade environment organization capacity building workshops, held -- seminars, served important additional dimension regional activities. 139. World Summit Sustainable Development, UNCTAD continuous support process briefs meetings delegations Summit’ Bureau. Extensive inputs Secretary’ General reports 10-year review UNCED, implementation Agenda 21. Summit, UNCTAD UNEP launched phase Capacity Building Task Force Trade, Environment Development, recognized “type-2” deliverable. European Commission supported Task Force important contribution trust fund. Government Netherlands grant activities Task Force Caribbean dealing integrated assessment trade trade-related policies, promotion production trade environmentally preferable products. 140. subprogramme maintained focus number issues relating supply side constraints, protection sustainable biodiversity traditional - 56 - knowledge, trade environmentally preferable products. BIOTRADE Initiative sought enhance developing countries’ capabilities compete emerging market biological resources, improving functioning market. Initiative established number partnerships national regional organizations aim setting programmes enhance capability developing countries produce - added products services derived biodiversity, domestic international markets. 141. respect trade gender, UNCTAD Task Manager Inter-Agency Task Force Gender Trade, subprogramme contributing work. Lessons learned 142. result experience gained , newly launched Trade Environment Review designed consolidate analytical work, improve orientation marketing, public key results technical cooperation activities, technical assistance/capacity building part subprogramme undergoing major change structure, size strategy. Activities increasingly carried framework longer-term projects, facilitates follow- sequencing activities obtain desired results 2003, quarters extra-budgetary resources allocated principle. ensure subprogramme reaches larger number beneficiaries, technical assistance complemented activities focusing awareness raising information – sharing subprogramme cooperates WTO, UNEP, regional commissions United Nations partner institutions. -house collaboration Branches Division strengthened important delivering outputs activities. positive synergies expanded biennium. Accession multilateral trading system Expected accomplishment 143. () Enhanced capacities countries acceding WTO achieving progress process accession. Major output activities • Technical assistance advisory missions 18 acceding countries, 7 LDCs ( *): including Algeria, Belarus, Bhutan*, Cambodia*, Cape Verde*, Ethiopia*, Kazakhstan, Lao People’ Democratic Republic*, Lebanon, Nepal*, Russian Federation, Samoa*, Serbia Montenegro, Sudan, Yugoslav Republic Macedonia, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen. Advisory service countries accession WTO, Iran. • WTO Accessions Development Policies” (October 2002). • 16 intensive -country seminars training simulation exercises prepare WTO accession address trade policy regulatory implications, total 1400 Government representatives, private sector academia, : acceding countries ESCAP region, Asian LDCs process accession, transition economies, Algeria, - 57 - Belarus, Bhutan, Cambodia, Ethiopia, Kazakhstan, Serbia Montenegro, Sudan, Viet Nam. • Support Geneva acceding countries participation WTO working parties country accessions advice delegations request. Accomplishments/Results 144. objective subprogramme, implemented Trade Negotiations Commercial Diplomacy Branch, assist developing transition countries accession process WTO fuller beneficial integration world economy international trading system. Challenges achieving objective developing strengthening capacities acceding countries : () elaborate optimal policy approaches WTO accession process making inventory issues problems addressed, adapting existing trade trade-related legislation WTO rules disciplines / introducing ; () assess impact WTO accession trade policy legislative measures vis-à-vis national development objectives; () improve negotiating capacity increasing knowledge multilateral trade negotiations WTO, negotiation techniques tactics; () strengthen trade-supporting national institutions, including private sector academia. addition, number years, UNCTAD advocating clear objective rules disciplines WTO accession procedures, tend costly complicated LDCs . 145. major accomplishments programme strengthened participation developing transition country negotiators WTO accession process, improved understanding WTO rules disciplines, impact national development policy options. Main modalities intervention : () supporting national negotiating teams preparation WTO Working Parties Accessions; () assisting Governments preparing offers market access goods services, commitments agricultural support measures; () preparing reports background papers policies adopted trading partners acceding countries ; () providing expertise advice strengthening capacity building trade policy legislations; () training trade officials specific trade policy issues, trade negotiation techniques tactics simulating trade negotiation scenarios. 146. indicators achievement identifiable preparedness acceding countries, assisted UNCTAD, tackle complex negotiation process WTO accession, active participation WTO working parties, reform trade policies measures conformity WTO disciplines national development objectives. 147. countries, Yugoslav Republic Macedonia, Cambodia Nepal, acceded WTO completed accession negotiations. Cambodia Nepal LDCs acceded WTO formation accession negotiations. WTO Ministerial Conference 50th session TDB, Cambodia Nepal expressed appreciation UNCTAD’ support accession process official statements. countries instituted significant trade policy legislative reforms. report Working Party accession Nepal (WT/ACC/NPL/16) country undertaken major economic policy reform monetary fiscal policies, investment regime, State ownership privatization, pricing policies, competition policy, import export regulations including tariffs tax regimes, industrial policies, technical - 58 - sanitary standards, intellectual property rights. time, Nepal endeavoured negotiate transitional arrangements bringing foreign trade regime full conformity WTO Agreements customs valuation, technical barriers trade, sanitary phytosanitary measures, trade-related aspects intellectual property rights. 148. acceding countries achieved considerable progress accession negotiations. Information posted WTO’ website (www.wto.org) countries, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russian Federation Viet Nam, reached advanced stage accession. engaged bilateral market access negotiations WTO members advanced working party process. countries, Lao People’ Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Samoa Sudan, LDCs , reached medium stage accession. engaged questions--answers phase submission Memorandums Foreign Trade Regime, held Working Party, submitted initial offers goods services. Initial steps accession process LDCs, Bhutan, Cape Verde Yemen, submission respective Memorandums Foreign Trade Regime; application accession submitted Ethiopia biennium. 149. UNCTAD maintains close contact cooperation WTO secretariat provision assistance acceding countries. WTO secretariat, technical note accession process, acknowledged “cooperation UNCTAD provision tailoring technical assistance close complementary”. 150. international level, number years, UNCTAD advocating clear objective rules disciplines accession procedures, tend complex costly LDCs . concerns reflected set commitments adopted international community United Nations Conference LDCs Brussels 2001. basis, WTO members set LDC accession priority policy issue Doha Ministerial Declaration November 2001, WTO General Council adopted decision guidelines facilitate accelerate accession LDCs December 2002 (WT//508). widely welcomed considered positive measure Doha negotiations. Lessons learned 151. Accession WTO entails complex difficult costly negotiations years impact significantly trade policies measures. , informed active participation accession negotiations acceding countries vital secure terms conditions reflecting stage development development objectives, conforming WTO disciplines. regard, UNCTAD valuable strategic timely assistance developing countries countries transition WTO accession process. UNCTAD assisted effective participation developing country negotiators WTO accession process improving understanding WTO rules disciplines, impact national development policy options. UNCTAD’ technical assistance WTO accession continued strengthened view ongoing support acceding countries, LDCs. Ensuring full faithful implementation decision guidelines accession LDCs important challenge. time, effectiveness UNCTAD’ support greater turnover officials comprising national accession negotiation teams remains , allowing formation professional cadre negotiators. - 59 - addition international level, UNCTAD continue seek intergovernmental deliberations consensus building, clear objective rules disciplines accession procedures. - 61 - Subprogramme 4 SERVICES INFRASTRUCTURE FOR DEVELOPMENT, TRADE EFFICIENCY AND HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT Objectives subprogramme enhance capacity developing countries countries economies transition improve competitiveness international trade building efficient trade supporting services infrastructure, including information technologies. • subprogramme implemented Division Services Infrastructure Development Trade Efficiency. - 62 - Policy analysis research Expected accomplishment 152. () understanding developing countries countries economies transition implications development process policy options strategies areas electronic commerce, transport, trade facilitation logistics. Major outputs activities • Review Maritime Transport 2002 2003. • -Commerce Development Report 2002 200318. • Technical publications important developments transport law, feasibility legal regime multimodal transport, transport documents international trade, • Expert Meetings : Electronic Commerce Strategies Development: Basic elements enabling environment -commerce; Efficient Transport Trade Facilitation Improve Competitiveness Developing Countries International Trade; Multimodal Transport Logistics Services; Measuring Electronic Commerce Instrument Development Digital Economy. • Regional High-level Conferences developing information communication technology (ICT) strategies development, • Trade Facilitation Measures Roundtable Conference Landlocked Transit Developing Countries Transit Transport Cooperation. • Side Events Measuring Electronic Commerce World Summit Information Society. • Ad-hoc seminars workshops specific transport, trade facilitation legal issues. Accomplishments/ results 153. Primarily, Government Ministries officials developing countries, responsible policy areas electronic commerce, transport, trade facilitation logistics, benefited technical analytical outputs. addition, information contained outputs drawn developing countries provide trade logistics services, research academic institutes international organizations. 154. annual Review Maritime Transport assisted policy makers researchers alike comprehensive --date statistics information maritime ancillary services, focus developments maritime activities developing countries. 2003 edition, , world output grew 1.9 cent 2002 world seaborne trade (goods loaded) increased 2.5 cent. Indicators world fleet productivity showed decreases 1.4 1.8 cent figures 2001. Review information analysis port development, including container port traffic container terminal throughput, developments trade transport efficiency. 2002, , world container port traffic expanded 2.2 cent 18 “-commerce” stands “electronic-commerce”. - 63 - previous year, reaching 236.7 million TEUs, ports developing countries handled 96.6 million TEUs, 40.8 cent total. readership survey Review Maritime Transport 2002 2003 obtained roughly equal number replies Governments, industry, academic/research institutes, rated publication ; scale 1 (worst) 4 (), Review average rating 3.5 comprehensiveness. 155. -Commerce Development Report 2003 identified implications growth digital economy developing countries practitioners policy makers understanding options leading sectors developing- country economies. Report discussed issues major policy strategic concern countries: effect ICT productivity, key elements national -strategies, implications open-source free software ICT economic development; sectoral issues reviews application ICT business process outsourcing, marketing agricultural products; online dispute resolution systems resolve commercial conflicts. -Commerce Development Report 2002 analysis covering range topics influence expansion -commerce developing countries. identified policy business options developing countries, practical proposals maximizing contribution -commerce economic social development. 156. reports UNCTAD website significantly increased dissemination. Review Maritime Transport 2002 downloaded 74,000 times ten month issuance, -Commerce Development Report 2002 downloaded 344,288 times year issuance. 157. concerns reports transport law, positive feedback usefulness analysis information received Government officials commercial parties. chair United Nations CEFACT 19 Working Group International Trade Procedures welcomed report ‘ Transport Documents International Trade’. commentary provisions UNCITRAL draft instrument transport law, report detailing results large-scale survey ‘Multimodal Transport: feasibility legal instrument’ , UNCITRAL Secretariat, working documents UNCITRAL Working Group Transport Law. 158. Expert Meetings held Geneva attended 400 experts 75 cent capitals. 80 experts, developing countries, presented national experiences promoting interaction participants allowing interchange intra-regional experiences. valuable insight problems faced regions highlighted common transport infrastructure development institutional building improve trade transport efficiency. depth analysis issues application ICT business policy implications, urge means developing countries benefit . discussions basis chairpersons’ summaries submitted Commission Enterprise, Business Facilitation Development enhanced understanding selected issues. resource persons insights delegations related issues. decision makers develop -strategies 19 Centre Trade Facilitation Electronic Business - 64 - adapt trade transport policies participate fully international trade. 159. depth debates specific transport, trade facilitation legal issues accomplished organization delivery secretariat staff twenty- workshops seminars 17 locations 684 participants developing countries. 160. High-level Regional Conferences, brought -strategies debates closer Governments, 24 ministers 490 participants participated, fostered regional cooperation Central America & Caribbean, Asia -Pacific, Africa, Latin America, transition economies. Declarations adopted meetings step advancing understanding issues political commitment. 161. activities altogether raised awareness policy makers importance transport development evidenced increasing emphasis development rehabilitation transport infrastructure, increasing role private sector managing operating public infrastructure, participation international forums Conference Kazakhstan 60 developing countries 23 developed countries part resolution Johannesburg Summit Sustainable Development calling urgent action levels transport communication infrastructure development. activities covering electronic commerce fostered interest specific areas -strategies, measurement electronic commerce, legal framework open software, prompting Governments request advice UNCTAD specialist organizations, highlight issues national international agendas World Summit Information Society. Lessons learned 162. website disseminate information, improve understanding, great improvement work UNCTAD effective. occasionally problems search engine corrected easier clients access documents. 163. intergovernmental deliberation, selected issues discussed technical point view expert meetings. issues discussed political perspective Commission, arrive effect recommendations UNCTAD secretariat. Commissions recommendation Governments international community, added international consensus topics. 164. feedback clients judge usefulness work; readership survey appears limited indicator, current response rates inability measure real impact nature questions. 165. ability effect change depend extra-budgetary resources provide expertise technical cooperation activities. - 65 - 166. envisaged future work field intensify issue security field transport law trade logistics. Similarly, policy analysis intensify selected areas application ICT business, light technological developments spread ICT developing countries. Capacity building technical assistance Expected accomplishment 167. () improvement efficiency trade-supporting services developing countries, benefiting technical cooperation activities areas transport, trade facilitation, customs logistics electronic commerce. Major outputs activities • Automated System Customs Data (ASYCUDA) programme, computerised programme management customs. • Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS) programme movement cargo equipment rail, road port. • Trade facilitation programmes – National trade facilitation programmes Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan. • World Federation Trade Points – Global network Trade Points acting global trade facilitator trade information provider small medium-sized enterprises. Accomplishments/Results 168. major UNCTAD technical cooperation programmes, ASYCUDA ACIS, work Government officials involved international trade transport, Customs administrations, public private sector, transport operators. 169. ASYCUDA programme continued adaptation technologies addition migration ASYCUDA ++, ASYCUDA World launched 2003 implementation started 85 countries part programme. impact programme corroborated fact forms part 6 million US dollar package, financed World Bank, rehabilitation Afghanistan includes major trade facilitation component. , fact developing member states finance ASYCUDA programme, credit sustainability impact. biennium, ASYCUDA : increased trade efficiency halving customs clearance time Honduras, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Estonia, Latvia Slovakia; increased revenue national Governments 10-15 cent IMF Word Bank surveys; increased transparency. Recognition fact effects occur preconditions, commitment national Government transparency, place. 170. biennium, ACIS programme commissioned Port Tracker Port Shipping Organization Bandar Abbas, largest Iranian port, request installing Road Tracker Transport Terminals Organization Iran - 66 - consideration. Africa, requests upgrading Rail Tracker Congolese Railways ( commissioned) Zimbabwe (underway) provide linkage data networks existing Southern Africa. feasibility study install Road Tracker Rwanda request ECA Centre Landlocked Countries completed. independent evaluation implementation ACIS railways Eastern Africa ports recommended phase project. significant improvements operational performance, average consignment transit time reduced 15 3 days. main successes project date: total estimated savings rail wagon hire charges 5 interconnected railways region US dollar 6.4 million annum realistic additional revenues due increased carrying capacity equaled US dollar 20.5 million annum. effectiveness project, viewpoint railways customers, project extremely effective. railways capacity track cargo loads containers deep hinterland main ports -region, track exports areas. progress pending decisions donors. 171. Trade facilitation projects reduce trade transaction costs, stimulating trade. , Pakistan Central Board Revenue extended Pakistan Goods Declaration successful UNCTAD-led experiment Port Muhammad Bin Qasim single administrative document, replaces dozen customs clearance documents (Dawn, 7 2003). , UNCTAD worked Government Nepal assist development operation Inland Container Depot Birgunj. number delays, Nepal India signed bilateral agreement November 2003. operation Depot estimated save Nepali traders Rs 1.20 billion transport costs annually (Kathmandu Post, November 7, 2003). Trade facilitation offered opportunities close cooperation UNCTAD United Nations agencies, : United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), ITC WTO, organization joint regional workshops LDCs Africa; World Bank, IMF, WTO, regional commissions United Nations, UNIDO World Customs Organization (WCO) establishment web-based cooperation platform (www.gfptt.org). 172. basis UNCTAD’ work trade facilitation, World Bank invited organisation join Steering Committee Global Facilitation Partnership Transportation Trade. initiative, launched World Bank, International Chamber Commerce WCO, aims fostering international public/private cooperation issues, focusing developing countries’ perspective. 173. World Trade Points Federation (WTPF) originates UNCTAD’ Trade Point Programme launched 1992. Trade Points created Federation close cooperation UNCTAD’ member States. main executive body consists General Assembly Steering Committee Bureau. Federation operating 127 Trade Points 91 countries strengthened position global business facilitator representation offices worldwide. Small medium-sized enterprises active generators income employment economies country. , face barriers entry participation international trade due lack knowledge lack access information related procedures business opportunities worldwide. Trade Points serve -stop shops trade. - 67 - 174. biennium, total 23 Government requests establishment Trade Points received, demonstrating high level interest. period, total 70 Trade Points reached Operational Stage requirements established Federation certify minimum set trade-related standard services. estimated 1,200 people working Trade Points serving small medium-sized enterprises worldwide. 56 Trade Points development tools operational shown strong commitment fulfil requirements. 175. -line trade facilitation trade promotion tools Trade Points include enhanced Electronic Trade Opportunity service Electronic Investment Opportunity service, global Trade Library database, worldwide Trade Events Exhibitions database global Trade Related Sites Database. Federation developed technical solutions Trade Points remote areas automatically collect post information pool information single database coming countries participate network. 176. 30 integrated websites, developed biennium primarily Trade Points web based presence English Spanish, greatly reduced costs time dedicated Trade Points maintaining presence Internet. 177. partnerships WTPF relevant multilateral organizations field trade development, UNCTAD, WTO, ITC World Bank, strengthened effectiveness. addition, sector-oriented EU market surveys marketing guides CBI. private sector, partnerships established Siemens, Coface Group, Ernst & Young Worldinformation.. partnerships Federation disseminate Trade Points information countries, products, services, specific sectors, statistical data, tax information company information. 178. annual Trade Point Review, prepared Trade Point community support UNCTAD, valuable information sharing practices, training small medium-sized enterprises, cross-referencing regional integration experiences. , Regional forums, organized Africa, Americas Asia/Pacific, trained Trade Point staff -line tools facilitate commercial cooperation. Training material enhance capacity Trade Points dissemination tools small medium-sized enterprises. Lessons learned 179. ASYCUDA drew lessons resources time required incorporate updates, ASYCUDA World, commitment exists. , timing political commitment donors, recipients implementing agency shaped success technical programmes ACIS ASYCUDA. , ACIS problems funding related single major donor. measuring full impact ASYCUDA, highly desirable figures increased revenues transparency. Reasons national interests, lack resources methodological difficulties, extremely difficult. - 68 - 180. lessons shared externalisation technical cooperation programme Trade Points : externalisation undoubtedly bring advantages (.. easier manoeuvre, increased ability respond adjust, realistic programme sustainability, resources freed activities); strong support needed transition period; continued collaboration externalisation key achievement objectives creation sufficient impact. 181. opportunities offered combining work technical areas research policy analysis, acknowledged fully tested practice. guidance, commitment resources needed clarify potential blend. examples possibilities : ASYCUDA customs data examine trade patterns; work World Trade Point Federation study introduce financial credit electronic tools small medium-sized enterprises developing countries electronic commerce. interchange electronic messages national level programmes, ASYCUDA ACIS offers potential speed movement goods. Human resources development Expected accomplishment 182. () effective human resource development, including treatment specific men women area, countries benefiting activities Division. objective enhancing capacity developing countries countries transition improve competitiveness international trade, building efficient trade-supporting infrastructure addressed lines activities, carried Human Resources Development section, including TRAINFORTRADE technical assistance programme, mandated paragraph 166 UNCTAD Plan Action. Major outputs activities • - seminars workshops, field trade, investment training. • training courses Key Issues International Economic Agenda (Paragraph 166 Bangkok Plan Action): -week Geneva-Turin (2002); week Bangkok (2002) Santiago de Chile Beirut (2003). • Pedagogical packages: pedagogical packages designed; existing training courses updated, supplemented translated; -line courses developed. • distance-learning platform: http://www.unctad.org/hrdsite/ Accomplishments/Results 183. efficient human resources development, programme set main target strengthening training capacities LDCs field international trade, trade related services, investment training. biennium 2002-2003 total 37 training seminars subjects related mentioned fields organized 18 countries Africa, Asia, Latin America Europe, including 10 LDCs Africa Asia. - 69 - Training materials, including handbooks participants, approximately 550 participants. Learning acquired training evaluated tests prepared programme cooperation UNCTAD divisions programmes. 184. major pedagogical packages constituted core elements strategy human resourced development aims sustainability maintenance knowledge. : () design specific training courses adapted local local trainers, (ii) training trainers; (iii) establishment pedagogical steering committees beneficiary countries national -regional level; (iv) information communication technologies networking purposes distance learning delivery. Related achievements : () designed fields environment, trade financing, -commerce investment, cooperation UNCTAD substantive departments. addition generic modules, local addressed specific modules, case studies, role -play training discussions. relevance material evidenced questionnaires completed participants validation sessions number sessions conducted subject. (ii) - participants (57 West Africa) trained training techniques futures trainers specific topics. Approximately 85% opportunity deliver part courses. (iii) technical assistance projects, National Pedagogical Steering Committees operational Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cameroon, Guinea, Mali, Senegal, Togo Tunisia. role essential facilitating sustainability training actions national level. provide orientations pedagogical issues ensure implementation plans action, including cost sharing training events. , project, responsibility transferring training programme existing training institutions. Benin, “Ecole Nationale ’Economie Appliqué de Management” deliver Port training Programme 2004. (iv) special focus developing distance-learning activities. basis pilot exercises carried Benin, Burkina Faso Mali hand, Comoros Senegal hand, “Strategy implementing distance learning (DL) process UNCTAD” designed. purpose increase training outreach target population, offering geographical flexibility trainers trainees. Distance learning proved promising delivery method, technology accessible, reliable cost effective. date programme developed -line courses partially delivered distance learning supplemented face- face training. number -line courses number distance learning sessions continue increase future. training network web created exchange experiences resources member countries. 185. UNCTAD requested strengthening capacity building programme trade officials based capitals informed key issues international economic agenda, ensuring gains international trading system growth social governance. courses key issues international agenda ( paragraph 166 courses20 ) designed provide link areas UNCTAD competence: trade, development investment. 20 paragraph 166 Bangkok Plan Action adopted UNCTAD 2000. - 70 - 186. Presentations, group discussions, working groups simulation exercises designed courses demanded active participation participants. Staff regional commissions (ESCAP, ECLAC ESCWA) involved design delivery courses, providing regional perspectives. website CD-ROMs relevant information participants, including general information , training reading materials downloaded module, chat forum participants engage dialogue presenters UNCTAD agencies. 187. total 98 trade officials academicians background economics relevant working experience Ministries Commerce, Industry, Economic Development / Trade, academics 61 developing countries, including 17 LDCs, trained key issues international economic agenda. 188. latest evaluation, conducted months revealed participants’ knowledge expertise enhanced contributions prepare defend position Governments multilateral trade negotiations significant (evaluation rate 75 cent 2002 Turin ). participants (evaluation rate 100 cent 2002 Bangkok 2002) mentioned enhanced coordination respective capitals Geneva-based missions organizations, reported analysis regional bilateral trading policies relate national development strategies. Lessons learned 189. Experiences Benin, Burkina Faso Mali showed -regional approach required ensure sustainability long run. Lessons reflected independent evaluation undertaken January 2003 recommends extension TrainForTrade activities regional groupings institutions. evaluation stresses importance national pedagogical committees. 190. Training activities carried framework Port Training Programme Angola, Cape Verde, Benin, Cameroon, Guinea, Senegal, Togo Tunisia underlined role South-South cooperation implementation training cycles. 191. Training network activities encouraged annual meetings national pedagogical steering committees. central team Geneva possibility providing additional support training institutions. 192. Paragraph 166 courses, limited number participants ( 75 annum) fell short objective creating critical mass trade officials sufficiently trained. increase impact, option partner training institutions. 2002, University Campinas Sao Paulo designed masters-level program International Economic Diplomacy modelled UNCTAD curriculum. underway offering training international diplomacy skills officials Brazil countries region. UNCTAD intends pursue strategy training institutions regions world. - 71 - 193. UNCTAD continues upgrade improve knowledge content Paragraph 166 courses. equally important quality participants match high specialized training modules offered courses. UNCTAD continue sharpen selection process ensure quality maintained. - 73 - Subprogramme 5 LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, LANDLOCKED DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND SMALL ISLAND DEVELOPING STATES Objectives subprogramme contribute progressive beneficial integration participation global economy international trading system developed countries, landlocked developing countries small island developing States, including implementation outcomes United Nations Conference Developed Countries contribution Integrated Framework Trade-related Technical Assistance Developed Countries, contribute graduation developed countries. • subprogramme implemented Special Programme Developed, Landlocked Small Island Developing Countries. - 74 - developed countries Expected accomplishment 194. () deepened understanding consensus developed countries development partners policy requirements achieve -mentioned objectives, enhanced commitments actions international community official development assistance, external debt, trade concessions, gender dimension development prospect, related areas. Major outputs Activities: • Developed Countries Report 2002: Escaping Poverty Trap. • “Implementation UNCTAD-wide activities favour LDCs” • Special Executive Session TDB LDCs “Escaping poverty Trap: National International policies effective poverty reduction LDCs. • Reports documents : “ Developed Country status: effective benefits perspective graduation”, “Graduation Developed Country status: LDCs stand”, “ implementation Integrated Framework Trade-related Technical Assistance, including human institutional capacity-building, support developed countries trade trade-related activities”, “UNCTAD-wide activities favour developed countries: progress report”, “Major initiatives favour developed countries area preferential market access: preliminary impact assessment”. • Assistance LDC Trade Ministers’ Meeting Dhaka, 2003. • Ad hoc expert group meeting Trade Development Strategies Developed Countries. Accomplishments/Results 195. Developed Countries Report 2002, launched worldwide21, discussed July session ECOSOC 2002 30th executive session Trade Development Board (TDB), agreed conclusions 22 “[] note appreciation Developed Countries 2002 Report….. commends UNCTAD secretariat high-quality analysis policy recommendations contained Report” agreed “LDCs, primary responsibility formulation effective implementation national policies priorities growth development, general policy orientation recommended LDC Report 2002”. Ministers LDCs representatives international organizations participated panel discussion Board expressed satisfaction Report contributes efforts designing national development policies strategies context PRSPs. 21 Launched Geneva, Berlin, Cape Town, Copenhagen, Cotonou, Dakar, Dhaka, Lisbon, London, Nairobi, Delhi, Paris, Tokyo. 22 TD//EX(30)/2 - 75 - 196. 100 international national newspapers, journals magazines extensively covered launching Report ( : Development Policy Review, 2003, 21 (5-6): 711-714). electronic format Report related documents LDC section UNCTAD’ website (www.unctad.org/ldcs) , October 2003, full Report downloaded 121,514 times English version 74,914 times French version. 197. context Integrated Framework Trade-Related Technical Assistance LDCs, number LDCs (Cambodia, Ethiopia, Guinea, Lesotho, Mauritania, Senegal Yemen) received policy advise , inter alia , Diagnostic Trade Integration Studies (DTIS) strengthening trade-related capacity building activities. TDB reviews yearly progress design implementation activities related Integrated Framework. resulted , coordination core agencies Integrated Framework, enhanced synergies complementarities delivery trade- related technical assistance effective expertise agencies. 198. LDC Trade Ministers’ Meeting (Dhaka, 2003) resulted , programme’ support, common position form Dhaka Declaration WTO Cancú Ministerial Conference. programme contributed periodic meetings WTO -Committee Developed Countries. 199. 2003 review list LDCs Committee Development Planning (CDP) profited programmes contributions benefits derived LDC status smooth transition strategies graduating countries (technical material, vulnerability profiles, .), including contributions fourth sessions Committee, expert group meetings methodology identifying LDCs 2003 review list LDCs, ECOSOC consultations review. 200. ECOSOC Panel Discussion Working Rural Development contribution programme integrated approach rural development poverty reduction specific context LDCs. Lessons learned 201. development challenges facing LDCs complex require continued efforts international community LDCs . LDCs diverse respective specific circumstances require actions commitments tailored meet specific challenges. , problems facing countries require longer- term solutions interventions. 202. Facing challenges, number lessons learned elements improved. , conclusions policy recommendations contained LDC Report visible impact LDCs development partners special efforts implement . , analysis research work covered LDC Report widely distributed official launchings national / regional workshops seminars. , trade-related technical assistance LDCs concrete impact coordination activities national global levels improved country monitoring process strengthened. Fourth, technical cooperation programmes projects addressed long-term development - 76 - problems sustainable manner financial human resources commensurate specific LDCs. 203. challenge remains strengthening understanding trade-poverty link formulating pro-poor pro-growth trade strategies. enhanced successful mainstreaming trade priorities national development strategies, including PRSPs. Integrated Framework, diagnostic studies (DTIS), means facilitate process. 204. triennial review list LDCs increasingly complex exercise, question graduation LDC status. UNCTAD actively supporting Committee Development Planning ECOSOC exercise, conceptual, methodological, statistical, country-specific inputs. , UNCTAD cast light importance vulnerability criterion graduation rule. success achieved regard, remains prevent inopportune graduation LDCs highly vulnerable structurally prepared face shock graduation. work needed bring development partners adopt explicit smooth trans ition policies countries graduating LDC status. Landlocked developing countries Expected accomplishment 205. () progress implementation Global Framework Transit Transport Cooperation Landlocked Transit Developing Countries Donor Community. Major outputs activities • International Ministerial Conference Landlocked Transit Developing Countries Donor Countries International Financial Development Institutions Transit Transport Cooperation (Almaty, August 2003): substantive contributions preparation process background document “Challenges Opportunities improving transit systems economic development landlocked transit developing countries”. • Assistance Transit Traffic Framework Agreement Governments People’ Republic China, Mongolia Russian Federation. • Review Vientiane Plan Action measures designed improve transit transport system Lao People’ Democratic Republic; report Specific Consultative Meeting transit transport systems Lao People’ Democratic Republic. • Report Secretary General transit environment Landlocked States Central Asia transit neighbours ( General Assembly resolution 55/181). • Reports Improvements Transit Transport : West Africa; Southern Eastern Africa; Horn Africa; Central Asia; Latin America; Central Africa. - 77 - Accomplished results 206. Fourth Negotiating Meeting China, Russia Mongolia brought countries closer signing transit transport framework agreement. assistance UNCTAD highly appreciated negotiators. 207. Preparatory meetings regional (Asia, Africa, Latin America) International Level ( York Almaty) facilitated background documents prepared UNCTAD. 208. -mentioned documents prepared Almaty Conference produced time good quality widely preparatory process Conference proper. critical preparation Almaty Programme Action: Addressing Special Landlocked Developing Countries Global Framework Transit Transport Cooperation Landlocked Transit Developing Countries, requested, inter alia , UNCTAD continue provide technical assistance policy advice landlocked developing countries. Ministerial Conference commended UNCTAD substantive contribution. Lessons learned 209. timely preparation close cooperation stakeholders involved asset preparation events Conference. , process smoothly, communication speedier response administration helpful efficient. 210. work regional national level order alleviate transport problems faced landlocked countries. 211. participation stakeholders (lawmakers, policy-makers, businessmen, transporters, customs officials, insurers, .) speed implementation measures agreed initiating activities. Small island developing States Expected accomplishment 212. () Progress preventing marginalization Small Island Developing States (SIDS) global economy successful implementation economic aspects Barbados Programme Action Sustainable Development Small Island Developing States. Major outputs activities • Contribution report Secretary-General General Assembly implementation Programme Action Sustainable Development SIDS. • Country-specific vulnerability profiles assistance formulate “exit strategy” Cape Verde Maldives, -developed SIDS graduation borders. - 78 - • Substantive support forums intergovernmental organizations dealing SIDS (AOSIS, CARICOM, Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, Indian Ocean Commission, Commonwealth Secretariat) work trade experts WTO’ Work Programme Small Economies. • Contribution : preparation Inter-Agency Task Force upcoming International Meeting sustainable development SIDS (Mauritius, 2004); review implementation Barbados Programme Action, including input report Secretary-General International Meeting. • Joint study Commonwealth Secretariat business costs SIDS (UNCTAD conducted field survey Eastern Caribbean States Pacific Island States). • Participation regional preparatory meeting Atlantic Indian Ocean SIDS 2004 International Meeting (Cape Verde, 2003). Accomplished results 213. Enhanced awareness, intergovernmental circles importance SIDS, Alliance Small Island States, ECOSOC, Work Programme Small Economies WTO, differentiated special treatment SIDS grounds structural disadvantages economic vulnerability. 214. Increased chances upcoming international meeting sustainable development SIDS give substantial consideration economic aspects Programme Action Sustainable Development SIDS, Mauritius 2004 landmark history differentiated treatment developing countries. Lesson learned 215. decade existence SIDS denomination United Nations, impact responding special economic disadvantages SIDS limited. efforts UNCTAD enhance credibility SIDS denomination highlighting vulnerability SIDS, ( exception SIDS LDCs) achieved progress special treatment grounds island-specific vulnerability multilateral trading system. “small-island exception” granted development partner World Bank’ policy eligibility IDA concessionary treatment. 216. context, UNCTAD continue advocate responses problems affect credibility SIDS denomination, , progress definition SIDS ( criteria income, size vulnerability), significant recognition island-specific vulnerability graduation rule Committee Development Planning ECOSOC reviewing list LDCs.